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# cpl_conv.h File Reference

`#include "cpl_port.h"`
`#include "cpl_vsi.h"`
`#include "cpl_error.h"`

Go to the source code of this file.

## Classes
struct | CPLSharedFileInfo
class | CPLLocaleC
## Defines
#define | CPLFree VSIFree
## Typedefs
typedef const char *(*) | CPLFileFinder (const char *, const char *)
## Functions
void | CPLVerifyConfiguration (void)
const char * | CPLGetConfigOption (const char *, const char *)
void | CPLSetConfigOption (const char *, const char *)
void | CPLFreeConfig (void)
void * | CPLMalloc (size_t)
void * | CPLCalloc (size_t, size_t)
void * | CPLRealloc (void *, size_t)
char * | CPLStrdup (const char *)
char * | CPLStrlwr (char *)
char * | CPLFGets (char *, int, FILE *)
const char * | CPLReadLine (FILE *)
const char * | CPLReadLineL (FILE *)
double | CPLAtof (const char *)
double | CPLAtofDelim (const char *, char)
double | CPLStrtod (const char *, char **)
double | CPLStrtodDelim (const char *, char **, char)
float | CPLStrtof (const char *, char **)
float | CPLStrtofDelim (const char *, char **, char)
double | CPLAtofM (const char *)
char * | CPLScanString (const char *, int, int, int)
double | CPLScanDouble (const char *, int, char *)
long | CPLScanLong (const char *, int)
GUIntBig | CPLScanUIntBig (const char *, int)
void * | CPLScanPointer (const char *, int)
int | CPLPrintString (char *, const char *, int)
int | CPLPrintStringFill (char *, const char *, int)
int | CPLPrintInt32 (char *, GInt32, int)
int | CPLPrintUIntBig (char *, GUIntBig, int)
int | CPLPrintDouble (char *, const char *, double, char *)
int | CPLPrintTime (char *, int, const char *, const struct tm *, char *)
int | CPLPrintPointer (char *, void *, int)
void * | CPLGetSymbol (const char *, const char *)
char ** | CPLReadDir (const char *pszPath)
int | CPLGetExecPath (char *pszPathBuf, int nMaxLength)
const char * | CPLGetPath (const char *)
const char * | CPLGetDirname (const char *)
const char * | CPLGetFilename (const char *)
const char * | CPLGetBasename (const char *)
const char * | CPLGetExtension (const char *)
char * | CPLGetCurrentDir (void)
const char * | CPLFormFilename (const char *pszPath, const char *pszBasename, const char *pszExtension)
const char * | CPLFormCIFilename (const char *pszPath, const char *pszBasename, const char *pszExtension)
const char * | CPLResetExtension (const char *, const char *)
const char * | CPLProjectRelativeFilename (const char *pszProjectDir, const char *pszSecondaryFilename)
int | CPLIsFilenameRelative (const char *pszFilename)
const char * | CPLExtractRelativePath (const char *, const char *, int *)
const char * | CPLCleanTrailingSlash (const char *)
const char * | CPLFindFile (const char *pszClass, const char *pszBasename)
const char * | CPLDefaultFindFile (const char *pszClass, const char *pszBasename)
void | CPLPushFileFinder (CPLFileFinder pfnFinder)
CPLFileFinder | CPLPopFileFinder (void)
void | CPLPushFinderLocation (const char *)
void | CPLPopFinderLocation (void)
void | CPLFinderClean (void)
int | CPLStat (const char *, VSIStatBuf *)
FILE * | CPLOpenShared (const char *, const char *, int)
void | CPLCloseShared (FILE *)
CPLSharedFileInfo * | CPLGetSharedList (int *)
void | CPLDumpSharedList (FILE *)
double | CPLDMSToDec (const char *is)
const char * | CPLDecToDMS (double dfAngle, const char *pszAxis, int nPrecision)
double | CPLPackedDMSToDec (double)
double | CPLDecToPackedDMS (double dfDec)
void | CPLStringToComplex (const char *pszString, double *pdfReal, double *pdfImag)
int | CPLUnlinkTree (const char *)
int | CPLCopyFile (const char *pszNewPath, const char *pszOldPath)

## Detailed Description

Various convenience functions for CPL.

## Function Documentation

double CPLAtof | ( | const char * | nptr | ) |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double floating point representation. The behaviour is the same as

CPLStrtod(nptr, (char **)NULL);

This function does the same as standard atof(3), but does not take locale in account. That means, the decimal delimiter is always '.' (decimal point). Use CPLAtofDelim() function if you want to specify custom delimiter.

IMPORTANT NOTE. Existance of this function does not mean you should always use it. Sometimes you should use standard locale aware atof(3) and its family. When you need to process the user's input (for example, command line parameters) use atof(3), because user works in localized environment and her input will be done accordingly the locale set. In particular that means we should not make assumptions about character used as decimal delimiter, it can be either "." or ",". But when you are parsing some ASCII file in predefined format, you most likely need CPLAtof(), because such files distributed across the systems with different locales and floating point representation shoudl be considered as a part of file format. If the format uses "." as a delimiter the same character must be used when parsing number regardless of actual locale setting.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

double CPLAtofDelim | ( | const char * | nptr,
|  | char | point |
| ) |  |  |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double floating point representation. The behaviour is the same as

CPLStrtodDelim(nptr, (char **)NULL, point);

This function does the same as standard atof(3), but does not take locale in account. Instead of locale defined decimal delimiter you can specify your own one. Also see notes for CPLAtof() function.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.
  | point | Decimal delimiter.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

double CPLAtofM | ( | const char * | nptr | ) |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number using any numeric locale.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double floating point representation. This function does the same as standard atof(), but it allows a variety of locale representations. That is it supports numeric values with either a comma or a period for the decimal delimiter.

PS. The M stands for Multi-lingual.

Parameters:

  | nptr | The string to convert.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any. Zero on failure.

void* CPLCalloc | ( | size_t | nCount,
|  | size_t | nSize |
| ) |  |  |

Safe version of calloc().

This function is like the C library calloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory. It should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory conditions. It uses VSICalloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of VSICalloc() will apply to CPLCalloc() as well. CPLFree() or VSIFree() can be used free memory allocated by CPLCalloc().

Parameters:

  | nCount | number of objects to allocate.
  | nSize | size (in bytes) of object to allocate.

Returns:
  pointer to newly allocated memory, only NULL if nSize * nCount is NULL.

const char* CPLCleanTrailingSlash | ( | const char * | pszFilename | ) |

Remove trailing forward/backward slash from the path for unix/windows resp.

Returns a string containing the portion of the passed path string with trailing slash removed. If there is no path in the passed filename an empty string will be returned (not NULL).

     CPLCleanTrailingSlash( "abc/def/" ) == "abc/def"
     CPLCleanTrailingSlash( "abc/def" ) == "abc/def"
     CPLCleanTrailingSlash( "c:\abc\def\" ) == "c:\abc\def"
     CPLCleanTrailingSlash( "c:\abc\def" ) == "c:\abc\def"
     CPLCleanTrailingSlash( "abc" ) == "abc"

Parameters:

  | pszPath | the path to be cleaned up

Returns:
  Path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call. The returned will generally not contain a trailing path separator.

void CPLCloseShared | ( | FILE * | fp | ) |

Close shared file.

Dereferences the indicated file handle, and closes it if the reference count has dropped to zero. A CPLError() is issued if the file is not in the shared file list.

Parameters:

  | fp | file handle from CPLOpenShared() to deaccess.

double CPLDecToPackedDMS | ( | double | dfDec | ) |

Convert decimal degrees into packed DMS value (DDDMMMSSS.SS).

This function converts a value, specified in decimal degrees into packed DMS angle. The standard packed DMS format is:

degrees * 1000000 + minutes * 1000 + seconds

See also CPLPackedDMSToDec().

Parameters:

  | dfDec | Angle in decimal degrees.

Returns:
  Angle in packed DMS format.

void CPLDumpSharedList | ( | FILE * | fp | ) |

Report open shared files.

Dumps all open shared files to the indicated file handle. If the file handle is NULL information is sent via the CPLDebug() call.

Parameters:

  | fp | File handle to write to.

const char* CPLExtractRelativePath | ( | const char * | pszBaseDir,
|  | const char * | pszTarget,
|  | int * | pbGotRelative |
| ) |  |  |

Get relative path from directory to target file.

Computes a relative path for pszTarget relative to pszBaseDir. Currently this only works if they share a common base path. The returned path is normally into the pszTarget string. It should only be considered valid as long as pszTarget is valid or till the next call to this function, whichever comes first.

Parameters:

  | pszBaseDir | the name of the directory relative to which the path should be computed. pszBaseDir may be NULL in which case the original target is returned without relitivizing.
  | pszTarget | the filename to be changed to be relative to pszBaseDir.
  | pbGotRelative | Pointer to location in which a flag is placed indicating that the returned path is relative to the basename (TRUE) or not (FALSE). This pointer may be NULL if flag is not desired.

Returns:
  an adjusted path or the original if it could not be made relative to the pszBaseFile's path.

char* CPLFGets | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | int | nBufferSize,
|  | FILE * | fp |
| ) |  |  |

Reads in at most one less than nBufferSize characters from the fp stream and stores them into the buffer pointed to by pszBuffer. Reading stops after an EOF or a newline. If a newline is read, it is _not_ stored into the buffer. A '' is stored after the last character in the buffer. All three types of newline terminators recognized by the CPLFGets(): single '' and '
' and '
' combination.

Parameters:

  | pszBuffer | pointer to the targeting character buffer.
  | nBufferSize | maximum size of the string to read (not including termonating '').
  | fp | file pointer to read from.

Returns:
  pointer to the pszBuffer containing a string read from the file or NULL if the error or end of file was encountered.

const char* CPLFormCIFilename | ( | const char * | pszPath,
|  | const char * | pszBasename,
|  | const char * | pszExtension |
| ) |  |  |

Case insensitive file searching, returing full path.

This function tries to return the path to a file regardless of whether the file exactly matches the basename, and extension case, or is all upper case, or all lower case. The path is treated as case sensitive. This function is equivelent to CPLFormFilename() on case insensitive file systems (like Windows).

Parameters:

  | pszPath | directory path to the directory containing the file. This may be relative or absolute, and may have a trailing path separator or not. May be NULL.
  | pszBasename | file basename. May optionally have path and/or extension. May not be NULL.
  | pszExtension | file extension, optionally including the period. May be NULL.

Returns:
  a fully formed filename in an internal static string. Do not modify or free the returned string. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL call.

const char* CPLFormFilename | ( | const char * | pszPath,
|  | const char * | pszBasename,
|  | const char * | pszExtension |
| ) |  |  |

Build a full file path from a passed path, file basename and extension.

The path, and extension are optional. The basename may in fact contain an extension if desired.

     CPLFormFilename("abc/xyz","def", ".dat" ) == "abc/xyz/def.dat"
     CPLFormFilename(NULL,"def", NULL ) == "def"
     CPLFormFilename(NULL,"abc/def.dat", NULL ) == "abc/def.dat"
     CPLFormFilename("/abc/xyz/","def.dat", NULL ) == "/abc/xyz/def.dat"

Parameters:

  | pszPath | directory path to the directory containing the file. This may be relative or absolute, and may have a trailing path separator or not. May be NULL.
  | pszBasename | file basename. May optionally have path and/or extension. May not be NULL.
  | pszExtension | file extension, optionally including the period. May be NULL.

Returns:
  a fully formed filename in an internal static string. Do not modify or free the returned string. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL call.

const char* CPLGetBasename | ( | const char * | pszFullFilename | ) |

Extract basename (non-directory, non-extension) portion of filename.

Returns a string containing the file basename portion of the passed name. If there is no basename (passed value ends in trailing directory separator, or filename starts with a dot) an empty string is returned.

     CPLGetBasename( "abc/def.xyz" ) == "def"
     CPLGetBasename( "abc/def" ) == "def"
     CPLGetBasename( "abc/def/" ) == ""

Parameters:

  | pszFullFilename | the full filename potentially including a path.

Returns:
  just the non-directory, non-extension portion of the path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call.

char* CPLGetCurrentDir | ( | void |  | ) |

Get the current working directory name.

Returns:
  a pointer to buffer, containing current working directory path or NULL in case of error. User is responsible to free that buffer after usage with CPLFree() function. If HAVE_GETCWD macro is not defined, the function returns NULL.

const char* CPLGetDirname | ( | const char * | pszFilename | ) |

Extract directory path portion of filename.

Returns a string containing the directory path portion of the passed filename. If there is no path in the passed filename the dot will be returned. It is the only difference from CPLGetPath().

     CPLGetDirname( "abc/def.xyz" ) == "abc"
     CPLGetDirname( "/abc/def/" ) == "/abc/def"
     CPLGetDirname( "/" ) == "/"
     CPLGetDirname( "/abc/def" ) == "/abc"
     CPLGetDirname( "abc" ) == "."

Parameters:

  | pszFilename | the filename potentially including a path.

Returns:
  Path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call. The returned will generally not contain a trailing path separator.

int CPLGetExecPath | ( | char * | pszPathBuf,
|  | int | nMaxLength |
| ) |  |  |

Fetch path of executable.

The path to the executable currently running is returned. This path includes the name of the executable. Currently this only works on win32 platform.

Parameters:

  | pszPathBuf | the buffer into which the path is placed.
  | nMaxLength | the buffer size, MAX_PATH+1 is suggested.

Returns:
  FALSE on failure or TRUE on success.

const char* CPLGetExtension | ( | const char * | pszFullFilename | ) |

Extract filename extension from full filename.

Returns a string containing the extention portion of the passed name. If there is no extension (the filename has no dot) an empty string is returned. The returned extension will not include the period.

     CPLGetExtension( "abc/def.xyz" ) == "xyz"
     CPLGetExtension( "abc/def" ) == ""

Parameters:

  | pszFullFilename | the full filename potentially including a path.

Returns:
  just the extension portion of the path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call.

const char* CPLGetFilename | ( | const char * | pszFullFilename | ) |

Extract non-directory portion of filename.

Returns a string containing the bare filename portion of the passed filename. If there is no filename (passed value ends in trailing directory separator) an empty string is returned.

     CPLGetFilename( "abc/def.xyz" ) == "def.xyz"
     CPLGetFilename( "/abc/def/" ) == ""
     CPLGetFilename( "abc/def" ) == "def"

Parameters:

  | pszFullFilename | the full filename potentially including a path.

Returns:
  just the non-directory portion of the path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call.

const char* CPLGetPath | ( | const char * | pszFilename | ) |

Extract directory path portion of filename.

Returns a string containing the directory path portion of the passed filename. If there is no path in the passed filename an empty string will be returned (not NULL).

     CPLGetPath( "abc/def.xyz" ) == "abc"
     CPLGetPath( "/abc/def/" ) == "/abc/def"
     CPLGetPath( "/" ) == "/"
     CPLGetPath( "/abc/def" ) == "/abc"
     CPLGetPath( "abc" ) == ""

Parameters:

  | pszFilename | the filename potentially including a path.

Returns:
  Path in an internal string which must not be freed. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL filename handling call. The returned will generally not contain a trailing path separator.

CPLSharedFileInfo* CPLGetSharedList | ( | int * | pnCount | ) |

Fetch list of open shared files.

Parameters:

  | pnCount | place to put the count of entries.

Returns:
  the pointer to the first in the array of shared file info structures.

void* CPLGetSymbol | ( | const char * | pszLibrary,
|  | const char * | pszSymbolName |
| ) |  |  |

Fetch a function pointer from a shared library / DLL.

This function is meant to abstract access to shared libraries and DLLs and performs functions similar to dlopen()/dlsym() on Unix and LoadLibrary() / GetProcAddress() on Windows.

If no support for loading entry points from a shared library is available this function will always return NULL. Rules on when this function issues a CPLError() or not are not currently well defined, and will have to be resolved in the future.

Currently CPLGetSymbol() doesn't try to:

- prevent the reference count on the library from going up for every request, or given any opportunity to unload the library.
- Attempt to look for the library in non-standard locations.
- Attempt to try variations on the symbol name, like pre-prending or post-pending an underscore.

Some of these issues may be worked on in the future.

Parameters:

  | pszLibrary | the name of the shared library or DLL containing the function. May contain path to file. If not system supplies search paths will be used.
  | pszSymbolName | the name of the function to fetch a pointer to.

Returns:
  A pointer to the function if found, or NULL if the function isn't found, or the shared library can't be loaded.

int CPLIsFilenameRelative | ( | const char * | pszFilename | ) |

Is filename relative or absolute?

The test is filesystem convention agnostic. That is it will test for Unix style and windows style path conventions regardless of the actual system in use.

Parameters:

  | pszFilename | the filename with path to test.

Returns:
  TRUE if the filename is relative or FALSE if it is absolute.

void* CPLMalloc | ( | size_t | nSize | ) |

Safe version of malloc().

This function is like the C library malloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory. It should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory conditions. It uses VSIMalloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of VSIMalloc() will apply to CPLMalloc() as well. CPLFree() or VSIFree() can be used free memory allocated by CPLMalloc().

Parameters:

  | nSize | size (in bytes) of memory block to allocate.

Returns:
  pointer to newly allocated memory, only NULL if nSize is zero.

FILE* CPLOpenShared | ( | const char * | pszFilename,
|  | const char * | pszAccess,
|  | int | bLarge |
| ) |  |  |

Open a shared file handle.

Some operating systems have limits on the number of file handles that can be open at one time. This function attempts to maintain a registry of already open file handles, and reuse existing ones if the same file is requested by another part of the application.

Note that access is only shared for access types "r", "rb", "r+" and "rb+". All others will just result in direct VSIOpen() calls. Keep in mind that a file is only reused if the file name is exactly the same. Different names referring to the same file will result in different handles.

The VSIFOpen() or VSIFOpenL() function is used to actually open the file, when an existing file handle can't be shared.

Parameters:

  | pszFilename | the name of the file to open.
  | pszAccess | the normal fopen()/VSIFOpen() style access string.
  | bLarge | If TRUE VSIFOpenL() (for large files) will be used instead of VSIFOpen().

Returns:
  a file handle or NULL if opening fails.

double CPLPackedDMSToDec | ( | double | dfPacked | ) |

Convert a packed DMS value (DDDMMMSSS.SS) into decimal degrees.

This function converts a packed DMS angle to seconds. The standard packed DMS format is:

degrees * 1000000 + minutes * 1000 + seconds

Example: ang = 120025045.25 yields deg = 120 min = 25 sec = 45.25

The algorithm used for the conversion is as follows:

1. The absolute value of the angle is used.

2. The degrees are separated out: deg = ang/1000000 (fractional portion truncated)

3. The minutes are separated out: min = (ang - deg * 1000000) / 1000 (fractional portion truncated)

4. The seconds are then computed: sec = ang - deg * 1000000 - min * 1000

5. The total angle in seconds is computed: sec = deg * 3600.0 + min * 60.0 + sec

6. The sign of sec is set to that of the input angle.

Packed DMS values used by the USGS GCTP package and probably by other software.

NOTE: This code does not validate input value. If you give the wrong value, you will get the wrong result.

Parameters:

  | dfPacked | Angle in packed DMS format.

Returns:
  Angle in decimal degrees.

int CPLPrintDouble | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | const char * | pszFormat,
|  | double | dfValue,
|  | char * | pszLocale |
| ) |  |  |

Print double value into specified string buffer. Exponential character flag 'E' (or 'e') will be replaced with 'D', as in Fortran. Resulting string will not to be NULL-terminated.

Parameters:

  | Pointer | to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
  | Format | specifier (for example, "%16.9E").
  | dfValue | Numerical value to print.
  | pszLocale | Pointer to a character string containing locale name ("C", "POSIX", "us_US", "ru_RU.KOI8-R" etc.). If NULL we will not manipulate with locale settings and current process locale will be used for printing. With the pszLocale option we can control what exact locale will be used for printing a numeric value to the string (in most cases it should be C/POSIX).

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintInt32 | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | GInt32 | iValue,
|  | int | nMaxLen |
| ) |  |  |

Print GInt32 value into specified string buffer. This string will not be NULL-terminated.

Parameters:

  | Pointer | to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
  | iValue | Numerical value to print.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintPointer | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | void * | pValue,
|  | int | nMaxLen |
| ) |  |  |

Print pointer value into specified string buffer. This string will not be NULL-terminated.

Parameters:

  | Pointer | to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
  | pValue | Pointer to ASCII encode.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintString | ( | char * | pszDest,
|  | const char * | pszSrc,
|  | int | nMaxLen |
| ) |  |  |

Copy the string pointed to by pszSrc, NOT including the terminating `' character, to the array pointed to by pszDest.

Parameters:

  | pszDest | Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string.
  | pszDest | Pointer to the source buffer.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintStringFill | ( | char * | pszDest,
|  | const char * | pszSrc,
|  | int | nMaxLen |
| ) |  |  |

Copy the string pointed to by pszSrc, NOT including the terminating `' character, to the array pointed to by pszDest. Remainder of the destination string will be filled with space characters. This is only difference from the PrintString().

Parameters:

  | pszDest | Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string.
  | pszDest | Pointer to the source buffer.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintTime | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | int | nMaxLen,
|  | const char * | pszFormat,
|  | const struct tm * | poBrokenTime,
|  | char * | pszLocale |
| ) |  |  |

Print specified time value accordingly to the format options and specified locale name. This function does following:

- if locale parameter is not NULL, the current locale setting will be stored and replaced with the specified one;
- format time value with the strftime(3) function;
- restore back current locale, if was saved.

Parameters:

  | pszBuffer | Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
  | pszFormat | Controls the output format. Options are the same as for strftime(3) function.
  | poBrokenTime | Pointer to the broken-down time structure. May be requested with the VSIGMTime() and VSILocalTime() functions.
  | pszLocale | Pointer to a character string containing locale name ("C", "POSIX", "us_US", "ru_RU.KOI8-R" etc.). If NULL we will not manipulate with locale settings and current process locale will be used for printing. Be aware that it may be unsuitable to use current locale for printing time, because all names will be printed in your native language, as well as time format settings also may be ajusted differently from the C/POSIX defaults. To solve these problems this option was introdiced.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

int CPLPrintUIntBig | ( | char * | pszBuffer,
|  | GUIntBig | iValue,
|  | int | nMaxLen |
| ) |  |  |

Print GUIntBig value into specified string buffer. This string will not be NULL-terminated.

Parameters:

  | Pointer | to the destination string buffer. Should be large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
  | iValue | Numerical value to print.
  | nMaxLen | Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.

Returns:
  Number of characters printed.

const char* CPLProjectRelativeFilename | ( | const char * | pszProjectDir,
|  | const char * | pszSecondaryFilename |
| ) |  |  |

Find a file relative to a project file.

Given the path to a "project" directory, and a path to a secondary file referenced from that project, build a path to the secondary file that the current application can use. If the secondary path is already absolute, rather than relative, then it will be returned unaltered.

Examples:

     CPLProjectRelativeFilename("abc/def","tmp/abc.gif") == "abc/def/tmp/abc.gif"
     CPLProjectRelativeFilename("abc/def","/tmp/abc.gif") == "/tmp/abc.gif"
     CPLProjectRelativeFilename("/xy", "abc.gif") == "/xy/abc.gif"
     CPLProjectRelativeFilename("/abc/def","../abc.gif") == "/abc/def/../abc.gif"
     CPLProjectRelativeFilename("C:\WIN","abc.gif") == "C:\WIN\abc.gif"

Parameters:

  | pszProjectDir | the directory relative to which the secondary files path should be interpreted.
  | pszSecondaryFilename | the filename (potentially with path) that is to be interpreted relative to the project directory.

Returns:
  a composed path to the secondary file. The returned string is internal and should not be altered, freed, or depending on past the next CPL call.

char** CPLReadDir | ( | const char * | pszPath | ) |

Read names in a directory.

This function abstracts access to directory contains. It returns a list of strings containing the names of files, and directories in this directory. The resulting string list becomes the responsibility of the application and should be freed with CSLDestroy() when no longer needed.

Note that no error is issued via CPLError() if the directory path is invalid, though NULL is returned.

Parameters:

  | pszPath | the relative, or absolute path of a directory to read.

Returns:
  The list of entries in the directory, or NULL if the directory doesn't exist.

const char* CPLReadLine | ( | FILE * | fp | ) |

Simplified line reading from text file.

Read a line of text from the given file handle, taking care to capture CR and/or LF and strip off ... equivelent of DKReadLine(). Pointer to an internal buffer is returned. The application shouldn't free it, or depend on it's value past the next call to CPLReadLine().

Note that CPLReadLine() uses VSIFGets(), so any hooking of VSI file services should apply to CPLReadLine() as well.

CPLReadLine() maintains an internal buffer, which will appear as a single block memory leak in some circumstances. CPLReadLine() may be called with a NULL FILE * at any time to free this working buffer.

Parameters:

  | fp | file pointer opened with VSIFOpen().

Returns:
  pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered.

const char* CPLReadLineL | ( | FILE * | fp | ) |

Simplified line reading from text file.

Similar to CPLReadLine(), but reading from a large file API handle.

Parameters:

  | fp | file pointer opened with VSIFOpenL().

Returns:
  pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered.

void* CPLRealloc | ( | void * | pData,
|  | size_t | nNewSize |
| ) |  |  |

Safe version of realloc().

This function is like the C library realloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory. It should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory conditions. It uses VSIRealloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of VSIRealloc() will apply to CPLRealloc() as well. CPLFree() or VSIFree() can be used free memory allocated by CPLRealloc().

It is also safe to pass NULL in as the existing memory block for CPLRealloc(), in which case it uses VSIMalloc() to allocate a new block.

Parameters:

  | pData | existing memory block which should be copied to the new block.
  | nNewSize | new size (in bytes) of memory block to allocate.

Returns:
  pointer to allocated memory, only NULL if nNewSize is zero.

const char* CPLResetExtension | ( | const char * | pszPath,
|  | const char * | pszExt |
| ) |  |  |

Replace the extension with the provided one.

Parameters:

  | pszPath | the input path, this string is not altered.
  | pszExt | the new extension to apply to the given path.

Returns:
  an altered filename with the new extension. Do not modify or free the returned string. The string may be destroyed by the next CPL call.

double CPLScanDouble | ( | const char * | pszString,
|  | int | nMaxLength,
|  | char * | pszLocale |
| ) |  |  |

Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert the result to a double.

Parameters:

  | pszString | String containing characters to be scanned. It may be terminated with a null character.
  | nMaxLength | The maximum number of character to consider as part of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character is encountered.
  | pszLocale | Pointer to a character string containing locale name ("C", "POSIX", "us_US", "ru_RU.KOI8-R" etc.). If NULL, we will not manipulate with locale settings and current process locale will be used for printing. Wee need this setting because in different locales decimal delimiter represented with the different characters. With the pszLocale option we can control what exact locale will be used for scanning a numeric value from the string (in most cases it should be C/POSIX).

Returns:
  Double value, converted from its ASCII form.

long CPLScanLong | ( | const char * | pszString,
|  | int | nMaxLength |
| ) |  |  |

Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert the result to a long.

Parameters:

  | pszString | String containing characters to be scanned. It may be terminated with a null character.
  | nMaxLength | The maximum number of character to consider as part of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character is encountered.

Returns:
  Long value, converted from its ASCII form.

void* CPLScanPointer | ( | const char * | pszString,
|  | int | nMaxLength |
| ) |  |  |

Extract pointer from string.

Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert the result to a GUIntBig.

Parameters:

  | pszString | String containing characters to be scanned. It may be terminated with a null character.
  | nMaxLength | The maximum number of character to consider as part of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character is encountered.

Returns:
  pointer value, converted from its ASCII form.

char* CPLScanString | ( | const char * | pszString,
|  | int | nMaxLength,
|  | int | bTrimSpaces,
|  | int | bNormalize |
| ) |  |  |

Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a given string, allocate a buffer for a new string and fill it with scanned characters.

Parameters:

  | pszString | String containing characters to be scanned. It may be terminated with a null character.
  | nMaxLength | The maximum number of character to read. Less characters will be read if a null character is encountered.
  | bTrimSpaces | If TRUE, trim ending spaces from the input string. Character considered as empty using isspace(3) function.
  | bNormalize | If TRUE, replace ':' symbol with the '_'. It is needed if resulting string will be used in CPL dictionaries.

Returns:
  Pointer to the resulting string buffer. Caller responsible to free this buffer with CPLFree().

GUIntBig CPLScanUIntBig | ( | const char * | pszString,
|  | int | nMaxLength |
| ) |  |  |

Extract big integer from string.

Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert the result to a GUIntBig.

Parameters:

  | pszString | String containing characters to be scanned. It may be terminated with a null character.
  | nMaxLength | The maximum number of character to consider as part of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character is encountered.

Returns:
  GUIntBig value, converted from its ASCII form.

char* CPLStrdup | ( | const char * | pszString | ) |

Safe version of strdup() function.

This function is similar to the C library strdup() function, but if the memory allocation fails it will issue a CE_Fatal error with CPLError() instead of returning NULL. It uses VSIStrdup(), so any hooking of that function will apply to CPLStrdup() as well. Memory allocated with CPLStrdup() can be freed with CPLFree() or VSIFree().

It is also safe to pass a NULL string into CPLStrdup(). CPLStrdup() will allocate and return a zero length string (as opposed to a NULL string).

Parameters:

  | pszString | input string to be duplicated. May be NULL.

Returns:
  pointer to a newly allocated copy of the string. Free with CPLFree() or VSIFree().

char* CPLStrlwr | ( | char * | pszString | ) |

Convert each characters of the string to lower case.

For example, "ABcdE" will be converted to "abcde". This function is locale dependent.

Parameters:

  | pszString | input string to be converted.

Returns:
  pointer to the same string, pszString.

double CPLStrtod | ( | const char * | nptr,
|  | char ** | endptr |
| ) |  |  |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double floating point representation. This function does the same as standard strtod(3), but does not take locale in account. That means, the decimal delimiter is always '.' (decimal point). Use CPLStrtodDelim() function if you want to specify custom delimiter. Also see notes for CPLAtof() function.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.
  | endptr | If is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

double CPLStrtodDelim | ( | const char * | nptr,
|  | char ** | endptr,
|  | char | point |
| ) |  |  |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number using specified delimiter.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double floating point representation. This function does the same as standard strtod(3), but does not take locale in account. Instead of locale defined decimal delimiter you can specify your own one. Also see notes for CPLAtof() function.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.
  | endptr | If is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.
  | point | Decimal delimiter.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

float CPLStrtof | ( | const char * | nptr,
|  | char ** | endptr |
| ) |  |  |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to single floating point representation. This function does the same as standard strtof(3), but does not take locale in account. That means, the decimal delimiter is always '.' (decimal point). Use CPLStrtofDelim() function if you want to specify custom delimiter. Also see notes for CPLAtof() function.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.
  | endptr | If is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

float CPLStrtofDelim | ( | const char * | nptr,
|  | char ** | endptr,
|  | char | point |
| ) |  |  |

Converts ASCII string to floating point number using specified delimiter.

This function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to single floating point representation. This function does the same as standard strtof(3), but does not take locale in account. Instead of locale defined decimal delimiter you can specify your own one. Also see notes for CPLAtof() function.

Parameters:

  | nptr | Pointer to string to convert.
  | endptr | If is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.
  | point | Decimal delimiter.

Returns:
  Converted value, if any.

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