#!/usr/bin/env pytest
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
###############################################################################
# $Id$
#
# Project:  GDAL/OGR Test Suite
# Purpose:  GMLAS driver testing.
# Author:   Even Rouault, <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
#
# Initial development funded by the European Earth observation programme
# Copernicus
#
# ******************************************************************************
# Copyright (c) 2016, Even Rouault, <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
###############################################################################

import os
import os.path
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler

import gdaltest
import ogrtest
import pytest
import webserver

from osgeo import gdal, ogr

pytestmark = pytest.mark.require_driver("GMLAS")

###############################################################################
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="module")
def startup_and_cleanup():

    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_WARN_UNEXPECTED", "YES")

    # FileGDB embedded libxml2 cause random crashes with CPLValidateXML() use of external libxml2
    old_val_GDAL_XML_VALIDATION = gdal.GetConfigOption("GDAL_XML_VALIDATION")
    if (
        ogr.GetDriverByName("FileGDB") is not None
        and old_val_GDAL_XML_VALIDATION is None
    ):
        gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_XML_VALIDATION", "NO")

    yield

    files = gdal.ReadDir("/vsimem/")
    if files is not None:
        print("Remaining files: " + str(files))

    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_WARN_UNEXPECTED", None)
    gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_XML_VALIDATION", old_val_GDAL_XML_VALIDATION)


###############################################################################


def compare_ogrinfo_output(gmlfile, reffile, options=""):

    import test_cli_utilities

    if test_cli_utilities.get_ogrinfo_path() is None:
        pytest.skip()

    tmpfilename = "tmp/" + os.path.basename(gmlfile) + ".txt"
    ret = gdaltest.runexternal(
        test_cli_utilities.get_ogrinfo_path()
        + " -ro -al GMLAS:"
        + gmlfile
        + " -oo EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES "
        + "-oo @KEEP_RELATIVE_PATHS_FOR_METADATA=YES "
        + "-oo @EXPOSE_SCHEMAS_NAME_IN_METADATA=NO "
        + "-oo @EXPOSE_CONFIGURATION_IN_METADATA=NO"
        + " "
        + options,
        encoding="utf-8",
    )
    ret = ret.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    ret = ret.replace("data\\gmlas\\", "data/gmlas/")  # Windows
    ret = ret.replace("data/gmlas\\", "data/gmlas/")  # Windows
    expected = open(reffile, "rb").read().decode("utf-8")
    expected = expected.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    if ret != expected:
        print(ret.encode("utf-8"))
        open(tmpfilename, "wb").write(ret.encode("utf-8"))
        print("Diff:")
        os.system("diff -u " + reffile + " " + tmpfilename)
        # os.unlink(tmpfilename)
        pytest.fail("Got:")


###############################################################################
# Basic test


def test_ogr_gmlas_basic():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml")
    assert ds is not None
    ds = None

    # Skip tests when -fsanitize is used
    if gdaltest.is_travis_branch("sanitize"):
        pytest.skip("Skipping because of -sanitize")

    return compare_ogrinfo_output(
        "data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", "data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.txt"
    )


###############################################################################
# Run test_ogrsf


def test_ogr_gmlas_test_ogrsf():

    # Skip tests when -fsanitize is used
    if gdaltest.is_travis_branch("sanitize"):
        pytest.skip("Skipping because of -sanitize")

    import test_cli_utilities

    if test_cli_utilities.get_test_ogrsf_path() is None:
        pytest.skip()

    ret = gdaltest.runexternal(
        test_cli_utilities.get_test_ogrsf_path()
        + " -ro GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml"
    )

    assert ret.find("INFO") != -1 and ret.find("ERROR") == -1


###############################################################################
# Test virtual file support


def test_ogr_gmlas_virtual_file():

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_8.xml",
        """<myns:main_elt xmlns:myns="http://myns"
                  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:schemaLocation="http://myns ogr_gmlas_8.xsd"/>""",
    )

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_8.xsd",
        """<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:myns="http://myns"
           targetNamespace="http://myns"
           elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
<xs:element name="main_elt" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:schema>""",
    )

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_8.xml")
    assert ds is not None

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_8.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_8.xsd")


###############################################################################
# Test opening with XSD option


def test_ogr_gmlas_datafile_with_xsd_option():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd"],
    )
    assert ds is not None


###############################################################################
# Test opening with just XSD option


def test_ogr_gmlas_no_datafile_with_xsd_option():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd"])
    assert ds is not None


###############################################################################
# Test opening with just XSD option but pointing to a non-xsd filename


def test_ogr_gmlas_no_datafile_xsd_which_is_not_xsd():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml"])
    assert ds is None
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("invalid content in 'schema' element") >= 0


###############################################################################
# Test opening with nothing


def test_ogr_gmlas_no_datafile_no_xsd():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:")
    assert ds is None
    assert (
        gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "XSD open option must be provided when no XML data file is passed"
        )
        >= 0
    )


###############################################################################
# Test opening an inexisting GML file


def test_ogr_gmlas_non_existing_gml():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:/vsimem/i_do_not_exist.gml")
    assert ds is None
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot open /vsimem/i_do_not_exist.gml") >= 0


###############################################################################
# Test opening with just XSD option but pointing to a non existing file


def test_ogr_gmlas_non_existing_xsd():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=/vsimem/i_do_not_exist.xsd"])
    assert ds is None
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot resolve /vsimem/i_do_not_exist.xsd") >= 0


###############################################################################
# Test opening a GML file without schemaLocation


def test_ogr_gmlas_gml_without_schema_location():

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_gml_without_schema_location.xml",
        """<MYNS:main_elt xmlns:MYNS="http://myns"/>""",
    )

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_gml_without_schema_location.xml")
    assert ds is None
    assert (
        gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "No schema locations found when analyzing data file: XSD open option must be provided"
        )
        >= 0
    )

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_gml_without_schema_location.xml")


###############################################################################
# Test invalid schema


def test_ogr_gmlas_invalid_schema():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_invalid_schema.xml")
    assert ds is None
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("invalid content") >= 0


###############################################################################
# Test invalid XML


def test_ogr_gmlas_invalid_xml():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_invalid_xml.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert f is None
    assert (
        gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("input ended before all started tags were ended")
        >= 0
    )


###############################################################################
# Test links with gml:ReferenceType


def test_ogr_gmlas_gml_Reference():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test_targetelement.xml")
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 3

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["reference_existing_target_elt_with_required_id_href"] != "#BAZ"
        or f["reference_existing_target_elt_with_required_id_pkid"] != "BAZ"
        or f["reference_existing_target_elt_with_optional_id_href"] != "#BAZ2"
        or f["refe_exis_targ_elt_with_opti_id_targe_elt_with_optio_id_pkid"]
        != "F36BAD21BD2F14DDCA8852DBF8C90DBC_target_elt_with_optional_id_1"
        or f["reference_existing_abstract_target_elt_href"] != "#BAW"
        or f.IsFieldSet("reference_existing_abstract_target_elt_nillable_href")
        or f["reference_existing_abstract_target_elt_nillable_nil"] != 1
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test that we fix ambiguities in class names


def test_ogr_gmlas_same_element_in_different_ns():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_same_element_in_different_ns.xml")
    assert ds is not None
    # for i in range(ds.GetLayerCount()):
    #    print(ds.GetLayer(i).GetName())

    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 5
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("elt")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.IsFieldSet("abstractElt_other_ns_realizationOfAbstractElt_pkid") == 0:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    assert ds.GetLayerByName("myns_realizationOfAbstractElt") is not None
    assert ds.GetLayerByName("other_ns_realizationOfAbstractElt") is not None
    assert (
        ds.GetLayerByName("elt_elt2_abstractElt_myns_realizationOfAbstractElt")
        is not None
    )
    assert (
        ds.GetLayerByName("elt_elt2_abstractElt_other_ns_realizationOfAbstractElt")
        is not None
    )


###############################################################################
# Test a corner case of relative path resolution


def test_ogr_gmlas_corner_case_relative_path():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:../ogr/data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml")
    assert ds is not None


###############################################################################
# Test unexpected repeated element


def test_ogr_gmlas_unexpected_repeated_element():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_unexpected_repeated_element.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f is None or f["foo"] != "foo_again"
    ):  # somewhat arbitrary to keep the latest one!
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Unexpected element myns:main_elt/myns:foo") >= 0
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert f is None
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test unexpected repeated element


def test_ogr_gmlas_unexpected_repeated_element_variant():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_unexpected_repeated_element_variant.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f is None or f["foo"] != "foo_again"
    ):  # somewhat arbitrary to keep the latest one!
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Unexpected element myns:main_elt/myns:foo") >= 0
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert f is None
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test reading geometries embedded in a geometry property element


def test_ogr_gmlas_geometryproperty():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32.gml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><GML><IncludeGeometryXML>true</IncludeGeometryXML></GML></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        geom_field_count = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldCount()
    assert geom_field_count == 15
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["geometryProperty_xml"]
        != ' <gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.Geometry" srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326"> <gml:pos>49 2</gml:pos> </gml:Point> '
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if not f.IsFieldNull("geometryPropertyEmpty_xml"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if (
        f["pointProperty_xml"]
        != '<gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.Point"><gml:pos srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">50 3</gml:pos></gml:Point>'
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if f["pointPropertyRepeated_xml"] != [
        '<gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.pointPropertyRepeated.1"><gml:pos>0 1</gml:pos></gml:Point>',
        '<gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.pointPropertyRepeated.2"><gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos></gml:Point>',
        '<gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.pointPropertyRepeated.3"><gml:pos>3 4</gml:pos></gml:Point>',
    ]:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail(f["pointPropertyRepeated_xml"])
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    sr = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldDefn(geom_idx).GetSpatialRef()
    assert not (sr is None or sr.ExportToWkt().find("4326") < 0)
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    # Axis swapping
    if wkt != "POINT (2 49)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryPropertyEmpty")
    if f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx) is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("pointProperty")
    sr = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldDefn(geom_idx).GetSpatialRef()
    assert not (sr is None or sr.ExportToWkt().find("4326") < 0)
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "POINT (3 50)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("lineStringProperty")
    sr = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldDefn(geom_idx).GetSpatialRef()
    assert not (sr is None or sr.ExportToWkt().find("4326") < 0)
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldDefn(geom_idx).GetType() == ogr.wkbLineString
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "LINESTRING (2 49)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("pointPropertyRepeated")
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldDefn(geom_idx).GetType() == ogr.wkbUnknown
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (0 1),POINT (1 2),POINT (3 4))":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("mycustompointproperty_point")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "POINT (5 6)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # Test that on-the-fly reprojection works
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    geom = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx)
    if ogrtest.check_feature_geometry(geom, "POINT (3.0 0.0)") != 0:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # Failed reprojection
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    if f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx) is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # Test SWAP_COORDINATES=NO
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32.gml",
        open_options=["SWAP_COORDINATES=NO"],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    # Axis swapping
    if wkt != "POINT (49 2)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("lineStringProperty")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    # Axis swapping
    if wkt != "LINESTRING (2 49)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # Test SWAP_COORDINATES=YES
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32.gml",
        open_options=["SWAP_COORDINATES=YES"],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    # Axis swapping
    if wkt != "POINT (2 49)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("lineStringProperty")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    # Axis swapping
    if wkt != "LINESTRING (49 2)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test reading geometries referenced by a AbstractGeometry element


def test_ogr_gmlas_abstractgeometry():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_abstractgeometry_gml32.gml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><GML><IncludeGeometryXML>true</IncludeGeometryXML></GML></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldCount() == 2
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["AbstractGeometry_xml"]
        != '<gml:Point gml:id="test.geom.0"><gml:pos>0 1</gml:pos></gml:Point>'
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if f["repeated_AbstractGeometry_xml"] != [
        '<gml:Point gml:id="test.geom.repeated.1"><gml:pos>0 1</gml:pos>',
        '<gml:Point gml:id="test.geom.repeated.2"><gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos>',
    ]:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail(f["repeated_AbstractGeometry_xml"])
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(0).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "POINT (0 1)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(1).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (0 1),POINT (1 2))":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test validation against schema


class MyHandler(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.error_list = []

    def error_handler(self, err_type, err_no, err_msg):
        if err_type != 1:  # 1 == Debug
            self.error_list.append((err_type, err_no, err_msg))


def test_ogr_gmlas_validate():

    # By default check we are silent about validation error
    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate.xml")
    assert ds is not None
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_WARN_UNEXPECTED", None)
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    lyr.GetFeatureCount()
    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_WARN_UNEXPECTED", "YES")
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert not myhandler.error_list

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate.xml")
    assert ds is not None
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    lyr.GetFeatureCount()
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    # Unexpected element with xpath=myns:main_elt/myns:bar (subxpath=myns:main_elt/myns:bar) found
    assert len(myhandler.error_list) >= 2

    # Enable validation on a doc without validation errors
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", open_options=["VALIDATE=YES"])
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert ds is not None, myhandler.error_list
    assert not myhandler.error_list

    # Enable validation on a doc without validation error, and with explicit XSD
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/gmlas_test1.xml", open("data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml").read()
    )
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=" + os.getcwd() + "/data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd",
            "VALIDATE=YES",
        ],
    )
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_test1.xml")
    assert ds is not None, myhandler.error_list
    assert not myhandler.error_list

    # Validation errors, but do not prevent dataset opening
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate.xml", open_options=["VALIDATE=YES"]
    )
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert ds is not None
    assert len(myhandler.error_list) == 5

    # Validation errors and do prevent dataset opening
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate.xml",
        open_options=["VALIDATE=YES", "FAIL_IF_VALIDATION_ERROR=YES"],
    )
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert ds is None
    assert len(myhandler.error_list) == 6

    # Test that validation without doc doesn't crash
    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd", "VALIDATE=YES"]
    )
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert ds is not None, myhandler.error_list
    assert not myhandler.error_list


###############################################################################
# Test correct namespace prefix handling


def test_ogr_gmlas_test_ns_prefix():

    # The schema doesn't directly import xlink, but indirectly references it
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test_targetelement.xsd"]
    )

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_fields_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["field_xpath"]
        != "myns:main_elt/myns:reference_missing_target_elt/@xlink:href"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test parsing documents without namespace


def test_ogr_gmlas_no_namespace():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_no_namespace.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["foo"] != "bar":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test CONFIG_FILE


def test_ogr_gmlas_conf():

    # Non existing file
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
            open_options=["CONFIG_FILE=not_existing"],
        )
    assert ds is None

    # Broken conf file
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/my_conf.xml", "<broken>")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
            open_options=["CONFIG_FILE=/vsimem/my_conf.xml"],
        )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my_conf.xml")
    assert ds is None

    # Valid XML, but not validating
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/my_conf.xml", "<not_validating/>")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
            open_options=["CONFIG_FILE=/vsimem/my_conf.xml"],
        )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my_conf.xml")

    # Inlined conf file + UseArrays = false
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><UseArrays>false</UseArrays></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt_string_array")
    assert lyr.GetFeatureCount() == 2

    # AlwaysGenerateOGRId = true
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><AlwaysGenerateOGRId>true</AlwaysGenerateOGRId></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["ogr_pkid"].find("main_elt_1") < 0 or f["otherns_id"] != "otherns_id":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # IncludeGeometryXML = false
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32.gml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><GML><IncludeGeometryXML>false</IncludeGeometryXML></GML></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("geometryProperty_xml") < 0
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    geom_idx = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetGeomFieldIndex("geometryProperty")
    wkt = f.GetGeomFieldRef(geom_idx).ExportToWkt()
    if wkt != "POINT (2 49)":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    # ExposeMetadataLayers = true
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_abstractgeometry_gml32.gml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><ExposeMetadataLayers>true</ExposeMetadataLayers></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 5
    # Test override with open option
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_abstractgeometry_gml32.gml",
        open_options=[
            "EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=NO",
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><ExposeMetadataLayers>true</ExposeMetadataLayers></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 1

    # Turn on validation and error on validation
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate.xml",
            open_options=[
                'CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><Validation enabled="true"><FailIfError>true</FailIfError></Validation></Configuration>'
            ],
        )
    assert ds is None and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Validation") >= 0


###############################################################################
# Test IgnoredXPaths aspect of config file


def test_ogr_gmlas_conf_ignored_xpath():

    # Test unsupported and invalid XPaths
    for xpath in [
        "",
        "1",
        "@",
        "@/",
        ".",
        ":",
        "/:",
        "a:",
        "a:1",
        "foo[1]",
        "foo[@bar='baz']",
    ]:
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            gdal.OpenEx(
                "GMLAS:",
                open_options=[
                    "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd",
                    """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
                        <IgnoredXPaths>
                            <WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>true</WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>
                            <XPath>%s</XPath>
                        </IgnoredXPaths>
                    </Configuration>"""
                    % xpath,
                ],
            )
        assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("XPath syntax") >= 0, xpath

    # Test duplicating mapping
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:",
            open_options=[
                "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd",
                """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
                    <IgnoredXPaths>
                        <Namespaces>
                            <Namespace prefix="ns" uri="http://ns1"/>
                            <Namespace prefix="ns" uri="http://ns2"/>
                        </Namespaces>
                    </IgnoredXPaths>
                </Configuration>""",
            ],
        )
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Prefix ns was already mapped") >= 0

    # Test XPath with implicit namespace, and warning
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
                <IgnoredXPaths>
                    <WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>true</WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>
                    <XPath>@otherns:id</XPath>
                </IgnoredXPaths>
            </Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("otherns_id") < 0
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert (
        gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "Attribute with xpath=myns:main_elt/@otherns:id found in document but ignored"
        )
        >= 0
    )

    # Test XPath with explicit namespace, and warning suppression
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
                <IgnoredXPaths>
                    <Namespaces>
                        <Namespace prefix="other_ns" uri="http://other_ns"/>
                    </Namespaces>
                    <XPath warnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance="false">@other_ns:id</XPath>
                </IgnoredXPaths>
            </Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""

    # Test various XPath syntaxes
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd",
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
                <IgnoredXPaths>
                    <WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>false</WarnIfIgnoredXPathFoundInDocInstance>
                    <XPath>myns:main_elt/@optionalStrAttr</XPath>
                    <XPath>myns:main_elt//@fixedValUnset</XPath>
                    <XPath>myns:main_elt/myns:base_int</XPath>
                    <XPath>//myns:string</XPath>
                    <XPath>myns:main_elt//myns:string_array</XPath>

                    <XPath>a</XPath> <!-- no match -->
                    <XPath>unknown_ns:foo</XPath> <!-- no match -->
                    <XPath>myns:main_elt/myns:int_arra</XPath> <!-- no match -->
                    <XPath>foo/myns:long</XPath> <!-- no match -->
                </IgnoredXPaths>
            </Configuration>""",
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")

    # Ignored fields
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("optionalStrAttr") < 0
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("fixedValUnset") < 0
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("base_int") < 0
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("string") < 0
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("string_array") < 0

    # Present fields
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("int_array") >= 0
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("long") >= 0


###############################################################################


do_log = False


class GMLASHTTPHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def log_request(self, code="-", size="-"):
        pass

    def do_GET(self):

        try:
            if do_log:
                f = open("/tmp/log.txt", "a")
                f.write("GET %s\n" % self.path)
                f.close()

            if self.path.startswith("/vsimem/"):
                f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(self.path, "rb")
                if f is None:
                    self.send_response(404)
                    self.end_headers()
                else:
                    gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, 0, 2)
                    size = gdal.VSIFTellL(f)
                    gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, 0, 0)
                    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, size, f)
                    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
                    self.protocol_version = "HTTP/1.0"
                    self.send_response(200)
                    self.end_headers()
                    self.wfile.write(content)
                return

            return
        except IOError:
            pass

        self.send_error(404, "File Not Found: %s" % self.path)


###############################################################################
# Test schema caching


@pytest.mark.skipif(
    "SKIP_OGR_GMLAS_HTTP_RELATED" in os.environ,
    reason="test skipped on CI due to timeout on Windows Conda builds with parallel ctest",
)
def test_ogr_gmlas_cache():

    drv = gdal.GetDriverByName("HTTP")

    if drv is None:
        pytest.skip()

    (webserver_process, webserver_port) = webserver.launch(handler=GMLASHTTPHandler)
    if webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
        """<main_elt xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xsd">
    <foo>bar</foo>
</main_elt>
"""
        % webserver_port,
    )

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xsd",
        """<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
<xs:include schemaLocation="ogr_gmlas_cache_2.xsd"/>
</xs:schema>""",
    )

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache_2.xsd",
        """<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
<xs:element name="main_elt">
  <xs:complexType>
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="foo" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>""",
    )

    # First try with remote schema download disabled
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
            open_options=[
                "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><AllowRemoteSchemaDownload>false</AllowRemoteSchemaDownload><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
            ],
        )
    assert ds is None and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot resolve") >= 0

    # Test invalid cache directory
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
            open_options=[
                "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/inexisting_directory/not/exist</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
            ],
        )
    if ds is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    if ds.GetLayerCount() != 1:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail(ds.GetLayerCount())

    # Will create the directory and download and cache
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    if ds is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    if ds.GetLayerCount() != 1:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail(ds.GetLayerCount())

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache/" + gdal.ReadDir("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache")[0])

    # Will reuse the directory and download and cache
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    if ds is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    if ds.GetLayerCount() != 1:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    # With XSD open option
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=http://localhost:%d/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xsd" % webserver_port,
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    if ds is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    if ds.GetLayerCount() != 1:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)

    # Now re-open with the webserver turned off
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
        open_options=[
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
        ],
    )
    assert ds is not None
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 1

    # Re try but ask for refresh
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
            open_options=[
                "REFRESH_CACHE=YES",
                "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>",
            ],
        )
    if ds is not None or gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot resolve") < 0:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail(gdal.GetLastErrorMsg())

    # Re try with non existing cached schema
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache/" + gdal.ReadDir("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache")[0])

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx(
            "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml",
            open_options=[
                "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><SchemaCache><Directory>/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache</Directory></SchemaCache></Configuration>"
            ],
        )
    assert ds is None and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot resolve") >= 0

    # Cleanup
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache.xsd")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_cache_2.xsd")

    files = gdal.ReadDir("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache")
    for my_file in files:
        gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache/" + my_file)
    gdal.Rmdir("/vsimem/my/gmlas_cache")
    gdal.Rmdir("/vsimem/my")


###############################################################################
# Test good working of linking to a child through its id attribute


def test_ogr_gmlas_link_nested_independant_child():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_link_nested_independant_child.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["second_my_id"] != "second_id":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test some pattern found in geosciml schemas


def test_ogr_gmlas_composition_compositionPart():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_composition_compositionPart.xml")

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("first_composition")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.IsFieldSet("parent_ogr_pkid") == 0
        or f.IsFieldSet("CompositionPart_pkid") == 0
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.IsFieldSet("parent_ogr_pkid") == 0
        or f.IsFieldSet("CompositionPart_pkid") == 0
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("CompositionPart")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.IsFieldSet("my_id") == 0 or f.IsFieldSet("a") == 0:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.IsFieldSet("my_id") == 0 or f.IsFieldSet("a") == 0:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test that when importing GML we expose by default only elements deriving
# from _Feature/AbstractFeature


def test_ogr_gmlas_instantiate_only_gml_feature():

    with gdaltest.tempfile(
        "/vsimem/with space/gmlas_instantiate_only_gml_feature.xsd",
        open("data/gmlas/gmlas_instantiate_only_gml_feature.xsd", "rb").read(),
    ):
        with gdaltest.tempfile(
            "/vsimem/with space/gmlas_fake_gml32.xsd",
            open("data/gmlas/gmlas_fake_gml32.xsd", "rb").read(),
        ):
            ds = gdal.OpenEx(
                "GMLAS:",
                open_options=[
                    "XSD=/vsimem/with space/gmlas_instantiate_only_gml_feature.xsd"
                ],
            )
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 1
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test that WFS style timeStamp are ignored for hash generation


def test_ogr_gmlas_timestamp_ignored_for_hash():

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_timestamp_ignored_for_hash_foo.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    pkid = f["ogr_pkid"]

    ds = ogr.Open("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_timestamp_ignored_for_hash_bar.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["ogr_pkid"] != pkid:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail(pkid)


###############################################################################
# Test dataset GetNextFeature()


def test_ogr_gmlas_dataset_getnextfeature():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml")

    assert ds.TestCapability(ogr.ODsCRandomLayerRead) == 1

    count = 0
    last_l = None
    while True:
        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        if f is None:
            assert lyr is None
            break
        count += 1
        last_l = lyr

    base_count = 59
    assert count == base_count

    assert last_l.GetName() == "main_elt"

    f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
    assert f is None and lyr is None

    ds.ResetReading()
    last_pct = 0
    while True:
        f, l, pct = ds.GetNextFeature(include_pct=True)
        last_pct = pct
        if f is None:
            assert l is None
            break
    assert last_pct == 1.0

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"]
    )
    fc_map = {}
    for layer_name in (
        "_ogr_fields_metadata",
        "_ogr_layers_metadata",
        "_ogr_layer_relationships",
        "_ogr_other_metadata",
    ):
        fc_map[layer_name] = ds.GetLayerByName(layer_name).GetFeatureCount()
    ds = None

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"]
    )
    count = 0
    while True:
        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        if f is None:
            assert lyr is None
            break
        count += 1

    expected_count = base_count
    expected_count += fc_map["_ogr_fields_metadata"]
    expected_count += fc_map["_ogr_layers_metadata"]
    expected_count += fc_map["_ogr_layer_relationships"]
    expected_count += fc_map["_ogr_other_metadata"]
    assert count == expected_count

    f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
    assert f is None and lyr is None

    ds.ResetReading()

    count = 0
    while True:
        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        if f is None:
            assert lyr is None
            break
        count += 1

    assert count == expected_count

    for layers in [
        ["_ogr_fields_metadata"],
        ["_ogr_layers_metadata"],
        ["_ogr_layer_relationships"],
        ["_ogr_fields_metadata", "_ogr_layers_metadata"],
        ["_ogr_fields_metadata", "_ogr_layer_relationships"],
        ["_ogr_layers_metadata", "_ogr_layer_relationships"],
    ]:

        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml")
        expected_count = base_count
        for layer in layers:
            ds.GetLayerByName(layer)
            expected_count += fc_map[layer]

        count = 0
        while True:
            f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
            if f is None:
                assert lyr is None
                break
            count += 1

        assert count == expected_count

        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        assert f is None and lyr is None

    # Test iterating over metadata layers on XSD-only based dataset
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd", "EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"],
    )
    count = 0
    last_l = None
    while True:
        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        if f is None:
            assert lyr is None
            break
        count += 1
        last_l = lyr

    assert count != 0


###############################################################################
#  Test that with schemas that have a structure like a base:identifier, we
# will inline it.


def test_ogr_gmlas_inline_identifier():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:", open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_inline_identifier.xsd"]
    )
    if ds.GetLayerCount() != 2:
        for i in range(ds.GetLayerCount()):
            print(ds.GetLayer(i).GetName())
        pytest.fail(ds.GetLayerCount())
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("identifier_foo") >= 0


###############################################################################
#  Test that we can handle things like gml:name and au:name


def test_ogr_gmlas_avoid_same_name_inlined_classes():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_avoid_same_name_inlined_classes.xsd"],
    )
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 3
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("myFeature_ns1_dt")
    assert lyr is not None
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("myFeature_ns2_dt")
    assert lyr is not None


###############################################################################
#  Test validation with an optional fixed attribute that is ignored


def test_ogr_gmlas_validate_ignored_fixed_attribute():

    myhandler = MyHandler()
    gdal.PushErrorHandler(myhandler.error_handler)
    gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_validate_ignored_fixed_attribute.xml",
        open_options=[
            "VALIDATE=YES",
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><IgnoredXPaths><XPath>@bar</XPath></IgnoredXPaths></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    gdal.PopErrorHandler()
    assert not myhandler.error_list


###############################################################################
#  Test REMOVE_UNUSED_LAYERS and REMOVE_UNUSED_FIELDS options


def test_ogr_gmlas_remove_unused_layers_and_fields():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_remove_unused_layers_and_fields.xml",
        open_options=["REMOVE_UNUSED_LAYERS=YES", "REMOVE_UNUSED_FIELDS=YES"],
    )
    assert ds.GetLayerCount() == 1
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount() != 4:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail(lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount())
    assert (
        f["used1"] == "foo"
        and f["used2"] == "bar"
        and f["nillable_nilReason"] == "unknown"
    )

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    if lyr.GetFeatureCount() != 1:
        for f in lyr:
            f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_fields_metadata")
    if lyr.GetFeatureCount() != 7:
        for f in lyr:
            f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layer_relationships")
    if lyr.GetFeatureCount() != 0:
        for f in lyr:
            f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
#  Test xlink resolution


@pytest.mark.skipif(
    "SKIP_OGR_GMLAS_HTTP_RELATED" in os.environ,
    reason="test skipped on CI due to timeout on Windows Conda builds with parallel ctest",
)
def test_ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver():

    drv = gdal.GetDriverByName("HTTP")
    if drv is None:
        pytest.skip()

    (webserver_process, webserver_port) = webserver.launch(handler=GMLASHTTPHandler)
    if webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xsd",
        """<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
              xmlns:xlink="http://fake_xlink"
              elementFormDefault="qualified"
              attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

<xs:import namespace="http://fake_xlink" schemaLocation="ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_fake_xlink.xsd"/>

<xs:element name="FeatureCollection">
  <xs:complexType>
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element ref="main_elt" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:element>

<xs:element name="main_elt">
  <xs:complexType>
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="my_link">
            <xs:complexType>
                <xs:sequence/>
                <xs:attribute name="attr_before" type="xs:string"/>
                <xs:attribute ref="xlink:href"/>
                <xs:attribute name="attr_after" type="xs:string"/>
            </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
        <xs:element name="my_link2" minOccurs="0">
            <xs:complexType>
                <xs:sequence/>
                <xs:attribute name="attr_before" type="xs:string"/>
                <xs:attribute ref="xlink:href"/>
                <xs:attribute name="attr_after" type="xs:string"/>
            </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:element>

</xs:schema>""",
    )

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_fake_xlink.xsd",
        open("data/gmlas/gmlas_fake_xlink.xsd", "rb").read(),
    )

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        """
<FeatureCollection xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:xlink="http://fake_xlink"
          xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xsd">
  <main_elt>
    <my_link attr_before="a" xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/resource.xml" attr_after="b"/>
  </main_elt>
  <main_elt>
    <my_link xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/resource2.xml"/>
  </main_elt>
</FeatureCollection>"""
        % (webserver_port, webserver_port),
    )

    # By default, no resolution
    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    if lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("my_link_rawcontent") >= 0:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Enable resolution, but only from local cache
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>false</AllowRemoteDownload>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    if lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldIndex("my_link_rawcontent") < 0:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.IsFieldSet("my_link_rawcontent"):
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    # Try again but this time with the cached file
    cached_file = (
        "/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache/localhost_%d_vsimem_resource.xml" % webserver_port
    )
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(cached_file, "foo")
    lyr.ResetReading()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "foo":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None
    gdal.Unlink(cached_file)

    # Enable remote resolution (but local caching disabled)
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/resource.xml", "bar")
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/resource2.xml", "baz")
    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_XLINK_RAM_CACHE_SIZE", "5")
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    gdal.SetConfigOption("GMLAS_XLINK_RAM_CACHE_SIZE", None)
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "bar":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    # Check that the content is not cached
    if gdal.VSIStatL(cached_file) is not None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    # Delete the remote file and check that we can retrieve it from RAM cache
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/resource.xml")
    lyr.ResetReading()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "bar":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "baz":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/resource2.xml")
    lyr.ResetReading()
    # /vsimem/resource.xml has been evicted from the cache
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] is not None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "baz":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    ds = None

    # Enable remote resolution and caching
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/resource.xml", "bar")
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "bar":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    # Check that the content is cached
    if gdal.VSIStatL(cached_file) is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Enable remote resolution and caching and REFRESH_CACHE
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/resource.xml", "baz")
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            "REFRESH_CACHE=YES",
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>""",
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "baz":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    # Check that the content is cached
    if gdal.VSIStatL(cached_file) is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Test absent remote resource
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_absent_resource.xml",
        """
<main_elt xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:xlink="http://fake_xlink"
          xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xsd">
    <my_link xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/resource_not_existing.xml"/>
</main_elt>"""
        % webserver_port,
    )
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_absent_resource.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.IsFieldSet("my_link_rawcontent"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Test file size limit
    gdal.Unlink(cached_file)
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <MaxFileSize>1</MaxFileSize>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <DefaultResolution enabled="true">
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
            </DefaultResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == "":
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    # Check that the content is not cached
    if gdal.VSIStatL(cached_file) is not None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Test with URL specific rule with RawContent resolution
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/resource.xml", "bar")
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <URLSpecificResolution>
                <URLPrefix>http://localhost:%d/vsimem/</URLPrefix>
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <ResolutionMode>RawContent</ResolutionMode>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
            </URLSpecificResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>"""
            % webserver_port
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["my_link_attr_before"] != "a"
        or f["my_link_href"]
        != "http://localhost:%d/vsimem/resource.xml" % webserver_port
        or f["my_link_rawcontent"] != "bar"
        or f["my_link_attr_after"] != "b"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    # Check that the content is cached
    if gdal.VSIStatL(cached_file) is None:
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # Test with URL specific rule with FieldsFromXPath resolution
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml",
        """
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<myns:top>
    <myns:foo>fooVal</myns:foo>
    <myns:bar>123</myns:bar>
</myns:top>""",
    )
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml",
        """
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<myns:top>
    <myns:foo>fooVal2</myns:foo>
    <myns:foo>fooVal3</myns:foo>
    <myns:baz val="345"/>
    <myns:xml_blob>foo<blob/>bar</myns:xml_blob>
    <long>1234567890123</long>
    <double>1.25</double>
    <datetime>2016-10-07T12:34:56Z</datetime>
</myns:top>""",
    )
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer("/vsimem/non_matching_resource.xml", "foo")

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        """
<FeatureCollection xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:xlink="http://fake_xlink"
          xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xsd">
  <main_elt>
    <my_link attr_before="a" xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml" attr_after="b"/>
    <my_link2 attr_before="a2" xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml" attr_after="b2"/>
  </main_elt>
  <main_elt>
    <my_link attr_before="a" xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/non_matching_resource.xml" attr_after="b"/>
    <my_link2 attr_before="a2" xlink:href="http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml" attr_after="b2"/>
  </main_elt>
</FeatureCollection>"""
        % (webserver_port, webserver_port, webserver_port, webserver_port),
    )

    config_file = """<Configuration>
        <XLinkResolution>
            <CacheDirectory>/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache</CacheDirectory>
            <URLSpecificResolution>
                <URLPrefix>http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir1</URLPrefix>
                <HTTPHeader>
                    <Name>Accept</Name>
                    <Value>application/x-iso19135+xml</Value>
                </HTTPHeader>
                <HTTPHeader>
                    <Name>Accept-Language</Name>
                    <Value>en</Value>
                </HTTPHeader>
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <ResolutionMode>FieldsFromXPath</ResolutionMode>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
                <Field>
                    <Name>foo</Name>
                    <Type>string</Type>
                    <XPath>myns:top/myns:foo</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>bar</Name>
                    <Type>integer</Type>
                    <XPath>myns:top/myns:bar</XPath>
                </Field>
            </URLSpecificResolution>
            <URLSpecificResolution>
                <URLPrefix>http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir2</URLPrefix>
                <AllowRemoteDownload>true</AllowRemoteDownload>
                <ResolutionMode>FieldsFromXPath</ResolutionMode>
                <CacheResults>true</CacheResults>
                <Field>
                    <Name>foo</Name>
                    <Type>string</Type>
                    <XPath>myns:top/myns:foo</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>baz</Name>
                    <Type>integer</Type>
                    <XPath>/myns:top/myns:baz/@val</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>xml_blob</Name>
                    <Type>string</Type>
                    <XPath>//myns:xml_blob</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>long</Name>
                    <Type>long</Type>
                    <XPath>//long</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>double</Name>
                    <Type>double</Type>
                    <XPath>//double</XPath>
                </Field>
                <Field>
                    <Name>datetime</Name>
                    <Type>dateTime</Type>
                    <XPath>//datetime</XPath>
                </Field>
            </URLSpecificResolution>
        </XLinkResolution></Configuration>""" % (
        webserver_port,
        webserver_port,
    )

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=["CONFIG_FILE=" + config_file],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["my_link_attr_before"] != "a"
        or f["my_link_href"]
        != "http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml" % webserver_port
        or f["my_link_foo"] != "fooVal"
        or f["my_link_bar"] != 123
        or f["my_link_attr_after"] != "b"
        or f["my_link2_attr_before"] != "a2"
        or f["my_link2_href"]
        != "http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml"
        % webserver_port
        or f["my_link2_foo"] != "fooVal2 fooVal3"
        or f["my_link2_baz"] != 345
        or f["my_link2_xml_blob"]
        != """foo<blob />
bar"""
        or f["my_link2_long"] != 1234567890123
        or f["my_link2_double"] != 1.25
        or f["my_link2_datetime"] != "2016/10/07 12:34:56+00"
        or f["my_link2_bar"] is not None
        or f["my_link2_attr_after"] != "b2"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["my_link2_bar"] != 123:
        f.DumpReadable()
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml")
    gdal.Unlink(
        "/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml"
    )

    # Test caching
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml",
        open_options=["CONFIG_FILE=" + config_file],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["my_link_attr_before"] != "a"
        or f["my_link_href"]
        != "http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml" % webserver_port
        or f["my_link_foo"] != "fooVal"
        or f["my_link_bar"] != 123
        or f["my_link_attr_after"] != "b"
        or f["my_link2_attr_before"] != "a2"
        or f["my_link2_href"]
        != "http://localhost:%d/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml"
        % webserver_port
        or f["my_link2_foo"] != "fooVal2 fooVal3"
        or f["my_link2_baz"] != 345
        or f["my_link2_bar"] is not None
        or f["my_link2_attr_after"] != "b2"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)
        pytest.fail()

    ds = None

    webserver.server_stop(webserver_process, webserver_port)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xsd")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_fake_xlink.xsd")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_xlink_resolver_absent_resource.xml")
    fl = gdal.ReadDir("/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache")
    if fl is not None:
        for filename in fl:
            gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache/" + filename)
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_xlink_cache")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/resource.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/resource2.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/subdir1/resource.xml")
    gdal.Unlink(
        "/vsimem/subdir2/resource2_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_super_very_long.xml"
    )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/non_matching_resource.xml")


###############################################################################
# Test UTF-8 support


def test_ogr_gmlas_recoding():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_recoding.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["attr"] != "\u00e9":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test schema without namespace prefix


def test_ogr_gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix():

    # Generic http:// namespace URI
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix_generic_http_uri.xsd"
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["layer_xpath"] != "my_ns:main_elt":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix.xsd")

    # http://www.opengis.net/ namespace URI

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix_opengis_uri.xsd"
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["layer_xpath"] != "fake_3_0:main_elt":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix.xsd")

    # Non http:// namespace URI

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_schema_without_namespace_prefix_non_http_uri.xsd"
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["layer_xpath"] != "my_namespace:main_elt":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test parsing truncated XML


def test_ogr_gmlas_truncated_xml():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_truncated_xml.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test identifier truncation


def test_ogr_gmlas_identifier_truncation():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_identifier_truncation.xsd",
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><IdentifierMaxLength>10</IdentifierMaxLength><PostgreSQLIdentifierLaundering>false</PostgreSQLIdentifierLaundering></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("v_l_i_clas")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(0).GetName()
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(1).GetName()
    assert s == "v_l_idTifi"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(2).GetName()
    assert s == "an_lo_ide1"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(3).GetName()
    assert s == "an_lo_ide2"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(4).GetName()
    assert s == "x"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(5).GetName()
    assert s == "noTCAMELCa"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(6).GetName()
    assert s == "suuuuuuuuu"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(7).GetName()
    assert s == "_r_l_o_n_g"
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("a_l_i_cla1")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(1).GetName()
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("a_l_i_cla2")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(2).GetName()
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("y")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(3).GetName()
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test behaviour when identifiers have same case


def test_ogr_gmlas_identifier_case_ambiguity():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=[
            "XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_identifier_case_ambiguity.xsd",
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><PostgreSQLIdentifierLaundering>false</PostgreSQLIdentifierLaundering></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("differentcase1")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(0).GetName()
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(1).GetName()
    assert s == "differentcase1"
    s = lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldDefn(2).GetName()
    assert s == "DifferentCASE2"
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("DifferentCASE2")
    assert lyr is not None, ds.GetLayer(0).GetName()
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test writing support


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer():

    if ogr.GetDriverByName("SQLite") is None:
        pytest.skip()

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"]
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer.db", src_ds, format="SQLite"
    )
    src_ds = None
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=["WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION"],
    )
    tmp_ds = None
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer.db")

    assert ret_ds is not None


###############################################################################
# Check the generated .xml and .xsd


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_check_xml_xsd():

    if ogr.GetDriverByName("SQLite") is None:
        pytest.skip()

    got = open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml", "rt").read()
    got = got.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    pos = got.find("http://myns ") + len("http://myns ")
    pos_end = got.find('"', pos)
    absolute_xsd = got[pos:pos_end]
    assert absolute_xsd.endswith("gmlas_test1.xsd") and os.path.exists(absolute_xsd)
    got = got.replace(absolute_xsd, "gmlas_test1.xsd")

    expected = open("data/gmlas/gmlas_test1_generated.xml", "rt").read()
    expected = expected.replace("\r\n", "\n")

    if got != expected:
        print(got)
        print("")

        print("Diff:")
        os.system(
            "diff -u data/gmlas/gmlas_test1_generated.xml tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml"
        )
        pytest.fail("Got:")

    got = open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd", "rt").read()
    got = got.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    pos = got.find('schemaLocation="') + len('schemaLocation="')
    pos_end = got.find('"', pos)
    absolute_xsd = got[pos:pos_end]
    assert absolute_xsd.endswith("gmlas_test1.xsd") and os.path.exists(absolute_xsd)
    got = got.replace(absolute_xsd, "gmlas_test1.xsd")

    expected = open("data/gmlas/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd", "rt").read()
    expected = expected.replace("\r\n", "\n")

    if got != expected:
        print(got)
        print("")

        print("Diff:")
        os.system(
            "diff -u data/gmlas/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd"
        )
        pytest.fail("Got:")


###############################################################################
# Check that the .xml read back by the GMLAS driver has the same content
# as the original one.


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_check_xml_read_back():

    if ogr.GetDriverByName("SQLite") is None:
        pytest.skip()

    # Skip tests when -fsanitize is used
    if gdaltest.is_travis_branch("sanitize"):
        pytest.skip("Skipping because of -sanitize")

    import test_cli_utilities

    if test_cli_utilities.get_ogrinfo_path() is None:
        gdal.Unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml")
        gdal.Unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd")
        pytest.skip()

    # Compare the ogrinfo dump of the generated .xml with a reference one
    ret = gdaltest.runexternal(
        test_cli_utilities.get_ogrinfo_path()
        + " -ro -al GMLAS:tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml -oo VALIDATE=YES "
        + "-oo EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES "
        + "-oo @KEEP_RELATIVE_PATHS_FOR_METADATA=YES "
        + "-oo @EXPOSE_SCHEMAS_NAME_IN_METADATA=NO "
        + "-oo @EXPOSE_CONFIGURATION_IN_METADATA=NO -oo @HASH=fake_hash"
    )
    expected = open("data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.txt", "rt").read()
    expected = expected.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    expected = expected.replace(
        "data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", "tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml"
    )
    expected = expected.replace(
        "data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd",
        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xsd"),
    )
    expected = expected.replace("\\", "/")
    ret_for_comparison = ret.replace("\r\n", "\n")
    ret_for_comparison = ret_for_comparison.replace("\\", "/")
    ret_for_comparison = ret_for_comparison.replace(
        "fake_hash", "3CF9893502A592E8CF5EA6EF3D8F8C7B"
    )

    if ret_for_comparison != expected:
        print(open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml", "rt").read())
        print("")

        print("XSD:")
        print(open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd", "rt").read())
        print("")

        print("ogrinfo dump:")
        print(ret)
        print("")

        open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_got.txt", "wt").write(ret_for_comparison)
        open("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_expected.txt", "wt").write(expected)
        print("Diff:")
        os.system(
            "diff -u tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_expected.txt tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_got.txt"
        )

        os.unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_expected.txt")
        os.unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated_got.txt")
        pytest.fail("XML:")

    gdal.Unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("tmp/gmlas_test1_generated.xsd")


###############################################################################
# Test writing support with geometries


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_gml():

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES", "@HASH=hash"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    # Test also with GMLAS: prefix as it is likely people might use it
    # as it is needed for the read side.
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=[
            "WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION",
            "LAYERS={SPATIAL_LAYERS}",
        ],
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xsd")

    assert 'xmlns:gml="http://fake_gml32"' in content

    assert (
        '<ogr:geometryProperty><gml:Point srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326" gml:id="hash_test_1.geom0"><gml:pos>49 2</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:geometryProperty>'
        in content
    )

    assert (
        '<ogr:pointProperty><gml:Point srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326" gml:id="hash_test_1.geom2"><gml:pos>50 3</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:pointProperty>'
        in content
    )

    assert (
        '      <ogr:pointPropertyRepeated><gml:Point gml:id="hash_test_1.geom13.0"><gml:pos>0 1</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:pointPropertyRepeated>'
        in content
    )

    assert (
        '      <ogr:pointPropertyRepeated><gml:Point gml:id="hash_test_1.geom13.1"><gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:pointPropertyRepeated>'
        in content
    )


###############################################################################
# Test writing support with geometries and -a_srs


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_gml_assign_srs():

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES", "@HASH=hash"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None

    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        dstSRS="EPSG:32631",
        reproject=False,
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xsd")

    assert "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/32631" in content

    # No geometry, but to test that the proxied ExecuteSQL() works

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_test1.xml", open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"]
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer.db", src_ds, format="SQLite"
    )
    src_ds = None
    gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_ref0.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        dstSRS="EPSG:32631",
        reproject=False,
        datasetCreationOptions=["WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION"],
    )
    gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_asrs.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        dstSRS="EPSG:32631",
        reproject=False,
        datasetCreationOptions=["WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION"],
    )
    tmp_ds = None
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer.db")

    assert (
        gdal.VSIStatL("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_ref0.xml").size
        == gdal.VSIStatL("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_asrs.xml").size
    )

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_ref0.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_ref0.xsd")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_asrs.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/gmlas_test1_generated_asrs.xsd")


###############################################################################
# Test writing support with geometries with original XML content preserved


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_gml_original_xml():

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=[
            "EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES",
            "CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration><LayerBuildingRules><GML><IncludeGeometryXML>true</IncludeGeometryXML></GML></LayerBuildingRules></Configuration>",
        ],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=["WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION"],
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None
    ret_ds = None

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml", open_options=["VALIDATE=YES"]
    )
    assert ds is not None and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""
    ds = None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_gml.xsd")

    assert (
        '<ogr:geometryProperty> <gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.Geometry" srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326"> <gml:pos>49 2</gml:pos> </gml:Point> </ogr:geometryProperty>'
        in content
    )

    assert (
        '      <ogr:pointPropertyRepeated><gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.pointPropertyRepeated.1"><gml:pos>0 1</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:pointPropertyRepeated>'
        in content
    )

    assert (
        '      <ogr:pointPropertyRepeated><gml:Point gml:id="poly.geom.pointPropertyRepeated.2"><gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:pointPropertyRepeated>'
        in content
    )


###############################################################################
# Test writing support with XSD, INDENT_SIZE, COMMENT, OUTPUT_XSD_FILENAME, TIMESTAMP options


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_options():

    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["@HASH=hash"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=[
            "LAYERS=test",
            "WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION",
            "INPUT_XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32.xsd",
            "INDENT_SIZE=4",
            "COMMENT=---a comment---",
            "SRSNAME_FORMAT=OGC_URN",
            "OUTPUT_XSD_FILENAME=/vsimem/my_schema.xsd",
        ],
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml")

    assert gdal.VSIStatL("/vsimem/my_schema.xsd") is not None

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/my_schema.xsd")

    # Test indentation size
    assert '\n        <ogr:test gml:id="poly.0">' in content

    # Test comment
    assert "\n<!-- - - -a comment- - - -->" in content

    # Test OUTPUT_XSD_FILENAME
    assert "/vsimem/my_schema.xsd" in content

    # Test SRSNAME_FORMAT=OGC_URN
    assert (
        '<ogr:geometryProperty><gml:Point srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326" gml:id="hash_test_1.geom0"><gml:pos>49 2</gml:pos></gml:Point></ogr:geometryProperty>'
        in content
    )

    # Test TIMESTAMP option
    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["@HASH=hash", "EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=[
            "TIMESTAMP=1970-01-01T12:34:56Z",
            "@REOPEN_DATASET_WITH_GMLAS=NO",
        ],
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml")

    assert gdal.VSIStatL("/vsimem/my_schema.xsd") is None

    assert (
        'timeStamp="1970-01-01T12:34:56Z"' in content
        and 'xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/2.0/wfs.xsd '
        in content
    )

    # Test WFS20_SCHEMALOCATION option
    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["@HASH=hash", "EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
        "/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml",
        tmp_ds,
        format="GMLAS",
        datasetCreationOptions=["WFS20_SCHEMALOCATION=/vsimem/fake_wfs.xsd"],
    )
    tmp_ds = None

    assert ret_ds is not None

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(
        "/vsimem/fake_wfs.xsd",
        """
<!-- fake wfs schema enough for our purposes -->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           targetNamespace="http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:element name="FeatureCollection">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="member" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="timeStamp" type="xs:dateTime" use="required"/>
            <xs:attribute name="numberMatched" type="xs:string" fixed="unknown" use="required"/>
            <xs:attribute name="numberReturned" type="xs:nonNegativeInteger" use="required"/>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>
</xs:schema>
""",
    )
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml", open_options=["VALIDATE=YES"]
    )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/fake_wfs.xsd")

    assert ds is not None and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""
    ds = None

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml", "rb")
    assert f is not None
    content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode("utf-8")
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/ogr_gmlas_writer_options.xml")

    assert gdal.VSIStatL("/vsimem/my_schema.xsd") is None

    assert (
        'xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0 /vsimem/fake_wfs.xsd '
        in content
    )


###############################################################################
# Test writing support error handle


def test_ogr_gmlas_writer_errors():

    # Source dataset is empty
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/vsimem/valid.xml",
            gdal.GetDriverByName("Memory").Create("", 0, 0, 0, 0),
            format="GMLAS",
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Source dataset has no layers") >= 0
    )

    # Missing input schemas
    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml")
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("/vsimem/valid.xml", tmp_ds, format="GMLAS")
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "Cannot establish schema since no INPUT_XSD creation option specified and no _ogr_other_metadata found in source dataset"
        )
        >= 0
    )

    # Invalid input schema
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/vsimem/valid.xml",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=["INPUT_XSD=/i_do_not/exist.xsd"],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot resolve /i_do_not/exist.xsd") >= 0
    )

    # Invalid output .xml name
    src_ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometryproperty_gml32_no_error.gml",
        open_options=["EXPOSE_METADATA_LAYERS=YES"],
    )
    tmp_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("", src_ds, format="Memory")
    src_ds = None
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/i_am/not/valid.xml",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=["GENERATE_XSD=NO"],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot create /i_am/not/valid.xml") >= 0
    )

    # .xsd extension not allowed
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/i_am/not/valid.xsd",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=["GENERATE_XSD=NO"],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(".xsd extension is not valid") >= 0
    )

    # Invalid output .xsd name
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/vsimem/valid.xml",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=[
                "WRAPPING=GMLAS_FEATURECOLLECTION",
                "OUTPUT_XSD_FILENAME=/i_am/not/valid.xsd",
            ],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Cannot create /i_am/not/valid.xsd") >= 0
    )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/valid.xml")

    # Invalid CONFIG_FILE
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/vsimem/valid.xml",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=["CONFIG_FILE=/i/do_not/exist"],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("Loading of configuration failed") >= 0
    )

    # Invalid layer name
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate(
            "/vsimem/valid.xml",
            tmp_ds,
            format="GMLAS",
            datasetCreationOptions=["LAYERS=foo"],
        )
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "Layer foo specified in LAYERS option does not exist"
        )
        >= 0
    )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/valid.xml")

    # _ogr_layers_metadata not found
    src_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName("Memory").Create("", 0, 0, 0, 0)
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_other_metadata")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("/vsimem/valid.xml", src_ds, format="GMLAS")
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("_ogr_layers_metadata not found") >= 0
    )

    # _ogr_fields_metadata not found
    src_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName("Memory").Create("", 0, 0, 0, 0)
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_other_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("/vsimem/valid.xml", src_ds, format="GMLAS")
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("_ogr_fields_metadata not found") >= 0
    )

    # _ogr_layer_relationships not found
    src_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName("Memory").Create("", 0, 0, 0, 0)
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_other_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_fields_metadata")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("/vsimem/valid.xml", src_ds, format="GMLAS")
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find("_ogr_layer_relationships not found") >= 0
    )

    # Cannot find field layer_name in _ogr_layers_metadata layer
    src_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName("Memory").Create("", 0, 0, 0, 0)
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_other_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_fields_metadata")
    src_ds.CreateLayer("_ogr_layer_relationships")
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ret_ds = gdal.VectorTranslate("/vsimem/valid.xml", src_ds, format="GMLAS")
    assert (
        ret_ds is None
        and gdal.GetLastErrorMsg().find(
            "Cannot find field layer_name in _ogr_layers_metadata layer"
        )
        >= 0
    )
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/valid.xml")
    gdal.Unlink("/vsimem/valid.xsd")


###############################################################################
# Test reading a particular construct with group, etc... that could cause
# crashes


def test_ogr_gmlas_read_fake_gmljp2():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/fake_gmljp2.xml")

    count = 0
    while True:
        f, lyr = ds.GetNextFeature()
        if f is None:
            assert lyr is None
            break
        count += 1

    assert count == 5


###############################################################################
#  Test TypingConstraints


def test_ogr_gmlas_typing_constraints():

    # One substitution, no repetition
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_typing_constraints_one_subst_no_repetition.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
<TypingConstraints>
        <Namespaces>
            <Namespace prefix="myns_modified_for_fun" uri="http://myns"/>
        </Namespaces>
        <ChildConstraint>
            <ContainerXPath>myns_modified_for_fun:main_elt/myns_modified_for_fun:foo</ContainerXPath>
            <ChildrenElements>
                <Element>myns_modified_for_fun:bar</Element>
            </ChildrenElements>
        </ChildConstraint>
    </TypingConstraints>
</Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if not f.IsFieldSetAndNotNull("foo_bar_pkid"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(1)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.GetField("value") != "baz":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # One substitution, with repetition

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_typing_constraints_one_subst_with_repetition.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
<TypingConstraints>
        <Namespaces>
            <Namespace prefix="myns_modified_for_fun" uri="http://myns"/>
        </Namespaces>
        <ChildConstraint>
            <ContainerXPath>myns_modified_for_fun:main_elt/myns_modified_for_fun:foo</ContainerXPath>
            <ChildrenElements>
                <Element>myns_modified_for_fun:bar</Element>
            </ChildrenElements>
        </ChildConstraint>
    </TypingConstraints>
</Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer("main_elt_foo_bar")
    assert lyr.GetFeatureCount() == 2
    lyr = ds.GetLayer("bar")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.GetField("value") != "baz":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.GetField("value") != "baz2":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None

    # 2 substitutions
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_typing_constraints_two_subst.xml",
        open_options=[
            """CONFIG_FILE=<Configuration>
<TypingConstraints>
        <Namespaces>
            <Namespace prefix="myns_modified_for_fun" uri="http://myns"/>
        </Namespaces>
        <ChildConstraint>
            <ContainerXPath>myns_modified_for_fun:main_elt/myns_modified_for_fun:foo</ContainerXPath>
            <ChildrenElements>
                <Element>myns_modified_for_fun:bar</Element>
                <Element>myns_modified_for_fun:baz</Element>
            </ChildrenElements>
        </ChildConstraint>
    </TypingConstraints>
</Configuration>"""
        ],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if not f.IsFieldSetAndNotNull("foo_bar_pkid"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if f.IsFieldSetAndNotNull("foo_baz_pkid"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(1)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.GetField("value") != "baz":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None


###############################################################################
#  Test swe:DataArray


def test_ogr_gmlas_swe_dataarray():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_swe_dataarray.xml")

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("dataarray_1_components")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        not f.IsFieldSetAndNotNull("parent_ogr_pkid")
        or f.GetField("myTime") != "2016/09/01 00:00:00+01"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") != "1"
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 2.34
        or f.GetField("myCount") != 3
        or f.GetField("myText") != "foo"
        or f.GetField("myBoolean") is False
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("myTime") != "2017/09/01 00:00:00"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") != "2"
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 3.45
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("dataarray_2")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("myTime") != "2016/09/01 00:00:00+01"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") != "1"
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 2.34
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("myTime") != "2017/09/01 00:00:00"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") is not None
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 3.45
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("dataarray_3")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("myTime") != "2016/09/01 00:00:00+01"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") != "1"
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 2.34
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("myTime") != "2017/09/01 00:00:00"
        or f.GetField("myCategory") is not None
        or f.GetField("myQuantity") != 3.45
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f is not None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    ds = None


###############################################################################
#  Test swe:DataRecord


def test_ogr_gmlas_swe_datarecord():

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_swe_datarecord.xml", open_options=["VALIDATE=YES"]
    )
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""
    ds = None

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_swe_datarecord.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt_foo")
    assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount() == 12
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f.GetField("mytime_value") != "2017/09/01 00:00:00"
        or f.GetField("mycategory_value") != "myvalue"
        or f.GetField("mycategory_identifier") != "myidentifier"
        or f.GetField("mycategory_codespace_href") != "http://example.com"
        or f.GetField("myquantity_value") != 1.23
        or f.GetField("mycount_value") != 2
        or f.GetField("mytext_value") != "foo"
        or f.GetField("myboolean_value") is False
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None


###############################################################################
#  Test a xs:any field at end of a type declaration


def test_ogr_gmlas_any_field_at_end_of_declaration():

    # Simplified test case for
    # http://schemas.earthresourceml.org/earthresourceml-lite/1.0/erml-lite.xsd
    # http://services.ga.gov.au/earthresource/ows?service=wfs&version=2.0.0&request=GetFeature&typenames=erl:CommodityResourceView&count=10

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_any_field_at_end_of_declaration.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    # Will warn about 'Unexpected element with xpath=main_elt/extra (subxpath=main_elt/extra) found'
    # This should be fixed at some point
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() != ""
    if f.GetField("foo") != "bar":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    if f.GetField("value") != "<something>baz</something>":
        print("Expected fail: value != <something>baz</something>")


###############################################################################
#  Test auxiliary schema without namespace prefix


def test_ogr_gmlas_aux_schema_without_namespace_prefix():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_aux_schema_without_namespace_prefix.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if not f.IsFieldSetAndNotNull("generic_pkid"):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test importing a GML geometry that is in an element that is a substitutionGroup
# of another one (#6990)


def test_ogr_gmlas_geometry_as_substitutiongroup():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_geometry_as_substitutiongroup.xml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("foo")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f.GetGeometryRef() is None:
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()
    ds = None


###############################################################################
# Test importing a GML geometry whose coordinates elements has leading spaces


def test_ogr_gmlas_coordinates_with_leading_space():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/coordinates_with_leading_space.gml")
    lyr = ds.GetLayer(0)
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    assert (
        f.GetGeometryRef().ExportToIsoWkt()
        == "POLYGON Z ((1372074.89354568 6205942.4974615 40.4258117361937,1372074.55352024 6205942.4356387 40.4258117361937,1372074.50715313 6205942.69065778 40.4258117361937,1372074.84717857 6205942.75248059 40.4258117361937,1372074.89354568 6205942.4974615 40.4258117361937))"
    )
    ds = None


###############################################################################


@pytest.mark.require_run_on_demand
def test_ogr_gmlas_extra_piezometre():

    return compare_ogrinfo_output(
        "data/gmlas/real_world/Piezometre.06512X0037.STREMY.2.gml",
        "data/gmlas/real_world/output/Piezometre.06512X0037.STREMY.2.txt",
        options="-oo REMOVE_UNUSED_LAYERS=YES",
    )


###############################################################################


@pytest.mark.require_run_on_demand
def test_ogr_gmlas_extra_eureg():

    return compare_ogrinfo_output(
        "data/gmlas/real_world/EUReg.example.gml",
        "data/gmlas/real_world/output/EUReg.example.txt",
        options="-oo REMOVE_UNUSED_LAYERS=YES",
    )


###############################################################################
# Test a schema that has nothing interesting in it but imports another
# schema


def test_ogr_gmlas_no_element_in_first_choice_schema():

    ds = gdal.OpenEx(
        "GMLAS:",
        open_options=["XSD=data/gmlas/gmlas_no_element_in_first_choice_schema.xsd"],
    )
    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layers_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if f["layer_xpath"] != "my_ns:main_elt":
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test cross-layer links with xlink:href="#my_id"


def test_ogr_gmlas_internal_xlink_href():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_internal_xlink_href.xml")
        lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("main_elt")
        f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_href"] != "#does_not_exist"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid")
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_href"] != "#id2"
        or f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid"] != "id2"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_href"] != "#id3"
        or f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid"] != "id3"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_href"] != "#id4"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid")
        or f["link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"]
        != "D1013B7E44F28C976B976A4314FA4A09_third_elt_1"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["link_to_third_elt_href"] != "#id4"
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid")
        or f.IsFieldSet("link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid")
        or f["link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"]
        != "D1013B7E44F28C976B976A4314FA4A09_third_elt_1"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_fields_metadata")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 1
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt_href"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 2
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid"
        or f["field_xpath"] != "main_elt/link_to_second_or_third_elt/second_elt"
        or f["field_type"] != "string"
        or f["field_is_list"] != 0
        or f["field_min_occurs"] != 0
        or f["field_max_occurs"] != 1
        or f["field_category"] != "PATH_TO_CHILD_ELEMENT_WITH_LINK"
        or f["field_related_layer"] != "second_elt"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 3
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"
        or f["field_xpath"] != "main_elt/link_to_second_or_third_elt/third_elt"
        or f["field_type"] != "string"
        or f["field_is_list"] != 0
        or f["field_min_occurs"] != 0
        or f["field_max_occurs"] != 1
        or f["field_category"] != "PATH_TO_CHILD_ELEMENT_WITH_LINK"
        or f["field_related_layer"] != "third_elt"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 4
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 5
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_third_elt_href"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "main_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 6
        or f["field_name"] != "link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["layer_name"] != "third_elt"
        or f["field_index"] != 1
        or f["field_name"] != "id"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    lyr = ds.GetLayerByName("_ogr_layer_relationships")
    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["parent_layer"] != "main_elt"
        or f["parent_pkid"] != "ogr_pkid"
        or f["parent_element_name"] != "link_to_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"
        or f["child_layer"] != "third_elt"
        or f["child_pkid"] != "ogr_pkid"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["parent_layer"] != "main_elt"
        or f["parent_pkid"] != "ogr_pkid"
        or f["parent_element_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt_second_elt_pkid"
        or f["child_layer"] != "second_elt"
        or f["child_pkid"] != "id"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()

    f = lyr.GetNextFeature()
    if (
        f["parent_layer"] != "main_elt"
        or f["parent_pkid"] != "ogr_pkid"
        or f["parent_element_name"] != "link_to_second_or_third_elt_third_elt_pkid"
        or f["child_layer"] != "third_elt"
        or f["child_pkid"] != "ogr_pkid"
    ):
        f.DumpReadable()
        pytest.fail()


###############################################################################
# Test opening a file whose .xsd has a bad version attribute in the <?xml processing instruction


def test_ogr_gmlas_invalid_version_xsd():

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/gmlas_invalid_version_xsd.xml")
    assert ds is None


###############################################################################
# Test opening a file whose .xsd leads to huge memory allocation
# Related to https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/XERCESC-1051


def test_ogr_gmlas_huge_memory_allocation():

    with gdaltest.config_option("OGR_GMLAS_XERCES_MAX_TIME", "0"):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/test_max_mem_xerces.xml")
        assert ds is None


###############################################################################
# Test opening a file whose .xsd leads to huge processing time
# Related to https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/XERCESC-1051


@pytest.mark.skipif(
    "SKIP_OGR_GMLAS_HUGE_PROCESSING_TIME" in os.environ,
    reason="test skipped on CI due to random crash on Windows Conda builds with parallel ctest",
)
def test_ogr_gmlas_huge_processing_time():

    with gdaltest.config_option("OGR_GMLAS_XERCES_MAX_TIME", "0.5"):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ds = gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/test_max_time_xerces.xml")
        assert ds is None


###############################################################################
# Test opening a file whose .xsd points to GML schemas to a non-OGC official
# location, which causes some issues when the other namespaces imported by
# the GML schemas are not edited to point to the unofficial location.


def test_ogr_gmlas_schema_not_in_ogc_schema_location():

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    assert (
        gdal.OpenEx("GMLAS:data/gmlas/test_gml_schema_not_in_ogc_schema_location.gml")
        is not None
    )
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ""
