.. _raster.pds4:

================================================================================
PDS4 -- NASA Planetary Data System (Version 4)
================================================================================

.. shortname:: PDS4

.. built_in_by_default::

PDS4 is a format used primarily by NASA to store and distribute solar,
lunar and planetary imagery data. GDAL provides read-write access to
PDS4 formatted imagery data.

PDS4 files are compose of a .xml (label) file which references a raw
imagery file. The driver also supports imagery stored in a separate
uncompressed GeoTIFF file with a strip organization compatible of a raw
imagery file.

The driver also reads and write georeferencing and coordinate system
information as well as selected other header metadata.

A mask band is attached to each source band. The value of this mask band
is 0 when the pixel value is one of the missing constants.

Implementation of this driver was supported by the United States
Geological Survey.

PDS4 is part of a family of related formats including PDS and ISIS3.

Starting with GDAL 2.5, the PDS4 driver supports reading and writing
ASCII fixed-with, binary fixed-with and delimited(CSV) tables as OGR
vector layers.

Driver capabilities
-------------------

.. supports_createcopy::

.. supports_create::

.. supports_georeferencing::

.. supports_virtualio::

Metadata
--------

The PDS4 label can be retrieved as XML-serialized content in the
xml:PDS4 metadata domain.

On creation, a source template label can be passed to the SetMetadata()
interface in the "xml:PDS4" metadata domain.

Open options (vector only)
--------------------------

.. versionadded:: 3.0

|about-open-options|
When opening a PDS4 vector dataset, the following open options are
available:

-  .. oo:: LAT
      :default: Latitude

      Name of a field containing a Latitude value.

-  .. oo:: LONG
      :default: Longitude

      Name of a field containing a Longitude value.

-  .. oo:: ALT

      Name of a field containing a Altitude value.
      Defaults to Altitude.

-  .. oo:: WKT

      Name of a field containing a WKT value.

-  .. oo:: KEEP_GEOM_COLUMNS
      :choices: YES, NO
      :default: NO

      Whether to expose original
      x/y/geometry columns as regular fields.

Creation support
----------------

The PDS4 driver supports updating imagery of existing datasets, creating
new datasets through the CreateCopy() and Create() interfaces.

When using CreateCopy(), gdal_translate or gdalwarp, an effort is made
to preserve as much as possible of the original label when doing PDS4 to
PDS4 conversions. This can be disabled with the :co:`USE_SRC_LABEL=NO`
creation option.

|about-creation-options|
The following dataset creation options are available:

-  Raster only:

   -  .. co:: APPEND_SUBDATASET

         See `Subdataset / multiple image support`_.

   -  .. co:: IMAGE_FILENAME
         :choices: <filename>

         Override default external image filename.

   -  .. co:: IMAGE_EXTENSION

         Override default extension of the
         external image filename. The default is 'img' for :co:`IMAGE_FORMAT=RAW`
         or 'tif' for :co:`IMAGE_FORMAT=GEOTIFF`.

   -  .. co:: IMAGE_FORMAT
         :choices: RAW, GEOTIFF

         Format of the image file. If using
         RAW, the imagery is put in a raw file whose filename is the main
         filename with a .img extension. If using GEOTIFF, the imagery is
         put in a separate GeoTIFF file, whose filename is the main
         filename with a .tif extension. Defaults to RAW

   -  .. co:: INTERLEAVE
         :choices: BSQ, BIP, BIL
         :default: BSQ

         Pixel organization in the image
         file. BSQ is Band SeQuential, BIP is Band Interleaved per Pixel
         and BIL is Band Interleave Per Line. BIL is not valid for :co:`IMAGE_FORMAT=GEOTIFF`.
         Starting with GDAL 3.5, when copying from a source dataset with multiple bands
         which advertises a INTERLEAVE metadata item, if the INTERLEAVE creation option
         is not specified, the source dataset INTERLEAVE will be automatically taken
         into account.

   -  .. co:: USE_SRC_LABEL
         :choices: YES, NO
         :default: YES

         Whether to use the source label in PDS4 to PDS4 conversions.

   -  .. co:: ARRAY_TYPE
         :choices: Array, Array_2D, Array_2D_Image, Array_2D_Map, Array_2D_Spectrum, Array_3D, Array_3D_Image, Array_3D_Movie, Array_3D_Spectrum
         :default: Array_3D_Image

         To set the XML element that defines the type of array.
         Using a Array_2D\* for a multiband image is not
         supported. When using a Array_2D\* value, INTERLEAVE will be
         ignored.

   -  .. co:: ARRAY_IDENTIFIER
         :choices: <string>
         :since: 3.0

         Identifier to put in the Array element.

   -  .. co:: UNIT
         :choices: <string>
         :since: 3.0

         Content of the
         Element_Array.unit. If not provided, the unit of the source band
         in case of copying from another raster will be used (if present on
         the source band).

   -  .. co:: CREATE_LABEL_ONLY
         :choices: YES, NO
         :since: 3.1

         If set to YES, and used
         in a gdal_translate / CreateCopy() context where the source dataset is
         a ENVI, GeoTIFF, ISIS3, VICAR, FITS or PDS3 dataset, whose layout is
         compatible of a raw binary format, as supported by PDS4, then only the
         label XML file will be generated, and it will reference the raw binary
         file of the source dataset. The IMAGE_FILENAME, IMAGE_FORMAT and
         INTERLEAVE creation options are ignored in that situation.

-  Raster and vector:

   -  **VAR_\***\ =string. If options like VAR_XXXX=yyyy are specified,
      any {XXXX} string in the template label will be replaced by the
      yyyy value.

   -  .. co:: TEMPLATE
         :choices: <filename>

          Template label to use. If not specified
          and not creating from an existing PDS4 file, the
          data/pds4_template.xml file will be used. For GDAL utilities to
          find this default PDS4 template, GDAL's data directory should be
          defined in your environment (typically on Windows builds).

   -  .. co:: LATITUDE_TYPE
         :choices: Planetocentric, Planetographic
         :default: Planetocentric


         Value of latitude_type.

   -  .. co:: LONGITUDE_DIRECTION
         :choices: Positive East, Positive West.
         :default: Positive East

         Value of longitude_direction.

   -  .. co:: RADII
         :choices: semi_major_radius\,semi_minor_radius>

         To override the
         ones of the SRS. Note that the first value (semi_major_radius)
         will be used to set the <pds:semi_major_radius> and
         <pds:semi_minor_radius> XML elements, and that second value
         (semi_minor_radius) will be used to set the <pds:polar_radius> XML
         element.

   -  .. co:: BOUNDING_DEGREES
         :choices: west_lon\,south_lat\,east_lon\,north_lat

         Manually set bounding box

Layer creation options (vector/table datasets)
----------------------------------------------

|about-layer-creation-options|
(Starting with GDAL 3.0) When creating a PDS4 vector dataset, or
appending a new table to an existing table, the following layer creation
options are available:

-  .. lco:: TABLE_TYPE
      :choices: DELIMITED, CHARACTER, BINARY.

      Determines the type of
      the PDS4 table to create. DELIMITED is the default and corresponds to
      a CSV table file (with comma field separator). CHARACTER corresponds
      to a fixed-width ASCII table. BINARY corresponds to a fixed-width
      table. For fixed-width table, for String fields, an arbitrary width
      of 64 bytes is used if there is no explicit field set in the OGR
      field definition. Only DELIMITED supports arbitrary encoding of
      geometry as a WKT string. The two other table types only support
      points for geographic coordinates (LAT, LONG).

-  .. lco:: LINE_ENDING
      :choices: CRLF, LF
      :default: CRLF
      :since: 3.4

      Determines the line-ending character sequence.
      Only applies if :lco:`TABLE_TYPE` is DELIMITED or CHARACTER.

-  .. lco:: GEOM_COLUMNS
      :choices: AUTO, WKT, LONG_LAT

      Specify how the geometry is
      encoded. In AUTO mode, for DELIMITED tables, if the input geometry is
      Point with a geographic CRS attached to the laye, then a LONG and LAT
      columns will be created to store the point coordinates. For other
      geometry types, a WKT column is used. The WKT value of this option
      can also be used to force a WKT column to be created when a LONG and
      LAT columns would have been possible. For fixed-width table types,
      only AUTO and LONG_LAT are possible.

-  .. lco:: CREATE_VRT
      :choices: YES, NO

      Defaults to YES for a DELIMITED table. In
      that case, a OGR VRT (XML file) will be created along-side the .csv
      file.

-  .. lco:: LAT
      :default: Latitude

      Name of a field containing a Latitude value.
      Only used when the geometry comes from a Point
      layer with geographic CRS

-  .. lco:: LONG
      :default: Longitude

      Name of a field containing a Longitude value.
      Only used when the geometry comes from a Point
      layer with geographic CRS

-  .. lco:: ALT
      :default: Altitude

      Name of a field containing a Altitude value.
      Only used when the geometry comes from a Point
      layer with geographic CRS

-  .. lco:: WKT

      Name of a field containing a WKT value.

-  .. lco:: SAME_DIRECTORY
      :choices: YES, NO
      :default: NO

      Whether table files should be created in
      the same directory, or in a subdirectory. Defaults to NO, that is
      that table files will be created in a subdirectory whose name is the
      basename of the XML file. For example if creating a "foo.xml" PDS4
      dataset, table files will be created in the "foo" subdirectory by
      default. If this option is set to YES, they will be created in the
      same directory as "foo.xml".

Subdataset / multiple image support
-----------------------------------

If several Array objects are present in the label, they will be reported
as separate subdatasets (typically the main subdataset is an Array3D,
and backplanes are represented as Array2D).

Since GDAL 3.0, creation of new datasets with subdatasets is supported
(through the :co:`APPEND_SUBDATASET=YES` creation option). One important
restriction is that, given that the georeferencing information in the
PDS4 XML label is global for the whole dataset, all subdatasets must
share the same georeferencing information: coordinate reference system,
georegistration and resolution. Appending to both RAW and GEOTIFF raster
is supported. In append mode, most creation options are ignored, except
:co:`INTERLEAVE` (if GeoTIFF output image), :co:`ARRAY_TYPE` and
:co:`ARRAY_IDENTIFIER`.

PDS4 raster examples
--------------------

Listing bands and subdatasets:

::

   $ gdalinfo b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml

   Driver: PDS4/NASA Planetary Data System 4
   Files: b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml
          b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub
   Size is 512, 512
   Coordinate System is `'
   Image Structure Metadata:
     INTERLEAVE=BAND
   Subdatasets:
     SUBDATASET_1_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:1
     SUBDATASET_1_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array Spectral_Qube_Object
     SUBDATASET_2_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:2
     SUBDATASET_2_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array iof_r2
     SUBDATASET_3_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:3
     SUBDATASET_3_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array iof_r7
     SUBDATASET_4_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:4
   [...]
     SUBDATASET_16_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array emission_angle
     SUBDATASET_17_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:17
     SUBDATASET_17_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array phase_angle
     SUBDATASET_18_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:18
     SUBDATASET_18_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array approx_incidence_angle
     SUBDATASET_19_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:19
     SUBDATASET_19_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array approx_emission_angle
     SUBDATASET_20_NAME=PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:20
     SUBDATASET_20_DESC=Image file b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub, array approx_phase_angle
   Corner Coordinates:
   Upper Left  (    0.0,    0.0)
   Lower Left  (    0.0,  512.0)
   Upper Right (  512.0,    0.0)
   Lower Right (  512.0,  512.0)
   Center      (  256.0,  256.0)
   Band 1 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.146998785514825,   Scale:4.48823844390647e-06
   Band 2 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.146998785514825,   Scale:4.48823844390647e-06
   Band 3 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.146998785514825,   Scale:4.48823844390647e-06
   Band 4 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.146998785514825,   Scale:4.48823844390647e-06
   Band 5 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.146998785514825,   Scale:4.48823844390647e-06

The information displayed by default is the one of the first subdataset
(SUBDATASET_1_NAME)

Getting information on a subdataset:

::

   $ gdalinfo PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:2

   Driver: PDS4/NASA Planetary Data System 4
   Files: b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml
          b0011_p237201_01_01v02.qub
   Size is 512, 512
   Coordinate System is `'
   Corner Coordinates:
   Upper Left  (    0.0,    0.0)
   Lower Left  (    0.0,  512.0)
   Upper Right (  512.0,    0.0)
   Lower Right (  512.0,  512.0)
   Center      (  256.0,  256.0)
   Band 1 Block=512x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
     Offset: 0.04984971,   Scale:7.454028e-06

Conversion to GeoTIFF of a given subdatasets:

::

   $ gdal_translate PDS4:b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml:1:2 iof_r2.tif

Conversion to GeoTIFF of a all subdatasets:

::

   $ gdal_translate -sds b0011_p237201_01_01v02.xml b0011_p237201_01_01v02.tif

This will create b0011_p237201_01_01v02_X.tif files where X=1,....,N

Creation of a new PDS4 dataset, using the default template and setting
its parameterized variables:

::

   $ gdal_translate input.tif output.xml -of PDS4 \
               -co VAR_TARGET_TYPE=Satellite \
               -co VAR_TARGET=Moon \
               -co VAR_OBSERVING_SYSTEM_NAME=LOLA \
               -co VAR_LOGICAL_IDENTIFIER=Lunar_LRO_LOLA_DEM_Global_64ppd.tif \
               -co VAR_TITLE="LRO LOLA Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 64ppd" \
               -co VAR_INVESTIGATION_AREA_NAME="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter" \
               -co VAR_INVESTIGATION_AREA_LID_REFERENCE="urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.lro"

Creation of the same PDS4 dataset as above, using the default template
but setting its parameterized variables from a text file. Helps with
long command lines:

Create a text file "myOptions.txt" with the below content

::

   #This is a comment
   #Conversion parameters for the LRO LOLA dataset
   -co VAR_TARGET_TYPE=Satellite
   -co VAR_TARGET=Moon
   -co VAR_OBSERVING_SYSTEM_NAME=LOLA
   -co VAR_LOGICAL_IDENTIFIER=Lunar_LRO_LOLA_DEM_Global_64ppd.tif
   -co VAR_TITLE="LRO LOLA Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 64ppd"
   -co VAR_INVESTIGATION_AREA_NAME="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter"
   -co VAR_INVESTIGATION_AREA_LID_REFERENCE="urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.lro"
   #end of file

::

   gdal_translate input.tif output.xml -of PDS4 --optfile myOptions.txt

For more on --optfile, consult `the general documentation on GDAL
utilities <gdal_utilities.html>`__.

Creation of a PDS4 dataset, using a non default template (here on a HTTP
server, but local filename also possible):

::

   $ gdal_translate input.tif output.xml -of PDS4 \
               -co TEMPLATE=http://example.com/mytemplate.xml

Creation of a PDS4 dataset from a source PDS4 dataset (using the XML
file of this source PDS4 dataset as an implicit template), with
subsetting:

::

   $ gdal_translate input.xml output.xml -of PDS4 -projwin ullx ully lrx lry

In Python, creation of a PDS4 dataset from a GeoTIFF, using a base
template into which one substitute one element with a new value:

::

   from osgeo import gdal
   from lxml import etree

   # Customization of template
   template = open('template.xml','rb').read()
   root = etree.XML(template)
   ns = '{http://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/pds/v1}'
   identifier = root.find(".//{ns}Identification_Area/{ns}logical_identifier".format(ns = ns))
   identifier.text = 'new_identifier'

   # Serialize the modified template in a in-memory file
   in_memory_template = '/vsimem/template.xml'
   gdal.FileFromMemBuffer(in_memory_template, etree.tostring(root))

   # Create the output dataset
   gdal.Translate('out.xml', 'in.tif', format = 'PDS4',
                  creationOptions = ['TEMPLATE='+in_memory_template])

   # Cleanup
   gdal.Unlink(in_memory_template)

Appending a new image (subdataset) to an existing PDS4 dataset.

::

   $ gdal_translate new_image.tif existing_output.xml -of PDS4 \
                         -co APPEND_SUBDATASET=YES \
                         -co ARRAY_IDENTIFIER=my_new_image


Adding a PDS4 label to an existing ISIS3 dataset. (GDAL >= 3.1)

::

   $ gdal_translate dataset.cub dataset.xml -of PDS4 -co CREATE_LABEL_ONLY=YES

PDS4 vector examples
--------------------

Displaying the content of a PDS4 dataset with a table:

::

   $ ogrinfo -al my_pds4.xml

Converting a PDS4 dataset with a table to shapefile, by specifying
columns that contain longitude and latitude:

::

   $ ogr2ogr out.shp my_pds4.xml -oo LAT=my_lat_column -oo LONG=my_long_column

Converting a shapefile to a PDS4 dataset with a CSV-delimited table
(with an implicit WKT column to store the geometry):

::

   $ ogr2ogr my_out_pds4.xml in.shp

See Also:
---------

-  Implemented as :source_file:`frmts/pds/pds4dataset.cpp`.
-  `Official
   documentation <https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/doc/index.shtml>`__
-  `Schemas, including the cartography
   extension <https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/schema/released/>`__
-  :ref:`raster.pds` driver.
-  :ref:`raster.isis3` driver.
