/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  Implements OGRSQLiteTableLayer class, access to an existing table.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2004, Frank Warmerdam
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2013, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "ogr_sqlite.h"
#include "ogrsqliteutility.h"

#include <climits>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "cpl_time.h"
#include "ogr_core.h"
#include "ogr_feature.h"
#include "ogr_geometry.h"
#include "ogr_p.h"
#include "ogr_spatialref.h"
#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"
#include "sqlite3.h"

static const char UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY[] =
    "%s : unsupported operation on a read-only datasource.";

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRSQLiteTableLayer()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSQLiteTableLayer::OGRSQLiteTableLayer(OGRSQLiteDataSource *poDSIn)
    : OGRSQLiteLayer(poDSIn),
      m_bSpatialite2D(
          poDSIn->GetSpatialiteVersionNumber() <
          OGRSQLiteDataSource::MakeSpatialiteVersionNumber(2, 4, 0)),
      m_bHasCheckedTriggers(!CPLTestBool(
          CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_SQLITE_DISABLE_INSERT_TRIGGERS", "YES")))
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        ~OGRSQLiteTableLayer()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSQLiteTableLayer::~OGRSQLiteTableLayer()

{
    ClearStatement();
    ClearInsertStmt();

    const int nGeomFieldCount =
        m_poFeatureDefn ? m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount() : 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nGeomFieldCount; i++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(i);
        // Restore temporarily disabled triggers.
        for (int j = 0; j < static_cast<int>(
                                poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers.size());
             j++)
        {
            CPLDebug("SQLite", "Restoring trigger %s",
                     poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers[j].first.c_str());
            // This may fail since CreateSpatialIndex() reinstalls triggers, so
            // don't check result.
            CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(sqlite3_exec(
                m_poDS->GetDB(),
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers[j].second.c_str(),
                nullptr, nullptr, nullptr));
        }
    }

    CPLFree(m_pszTableName);
    CPLFree(m_pszEscapedTableName);
    CPLFree(m_pszCreationGeomFormat);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     CreateSpatialIndexIfNecessary()                  */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::CreateSpatialIndexIfNecessary()
{
    if (m_bDeferredSpatialIndexCreation)
    {
        for (int iGeomCol = 0; iGeomCol < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
             iGeomCol++)
            CreateSpatialIndex(iGeomCol);
        m_bDeferredSpatialIndexCreation = false;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ClearInsertStmt()                           */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ClearInsertStmt()
{
    if (m_hInsertStmt != nullptr)
    {
        sqlite3_finalize(m_hInsertStmt);
        m_hInsertStmt = nullptr;
    }
    m_osLastInsertStmt = "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Initialize()                             */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::Initialize(const char *m_pszTableNameIn,
                                       bool bIsTable, bool bIsVirtualShapeIn,
                                       bool bDeferredCreationIn,
                                       bool bMayEmitError)
{
    SetDescription(m_pszTableNameIn);

    m_bIsTable = bIsTable;
    m_bIsVirtualShape = bIsVirtualShapeIn;
    m_pszTableName = CPLStrdup(m_pszTableNameIn);
    m_bDeferredCreation = bDeferredCreationIn;
    m_pszEscapedTableName = CPLStrdup(SQLEscapeLiteral(m_pszTableName));

    if (!bDeferredCreationIn && strchr(m_pszTableName, '(') != nullptr &&
        m_pszTableName[strlen(m_pszTableName) - 1] == ')')
    {
        char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;
        int nRowCount = 0, nColCount = 0;
        char **papszResult = nullptr;
        const char *pszSQL =
            CPLSPrintf("SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = '%s'",
                       m_pszEscapedTableName);
        int rc = sqlite3_get_table(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL, &papszResult,
                                   &nRowCount, &nColCount, &pszErrMsg);
        int bFound = (rc == SQLITE_OK && nRowCount == 1);
        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);

        if (!bFound)
        {
            char *pszGeomCol = CPLStrdup(strchr(m_pszTableName, '(') + 1);
            pszGeomCol[strlen(pszGeomCol) - 1] = 0;
            *strchr(m_pszTableName, '(') = 0;
            CPLFree(m_pszEscapedTableName);
            m_pszEscapedTableName = CPLStrdup(SQLEscapeLiteral(m_pszTableName));
            EstablishFeatureDefn(pszGeomCol, bMayEmitError);
            CPLFree(pszGeomCol);
            if (m_poFeatureDefn == nullptr ||
                m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount() == 0)
                return CE_Failure;
        }
    }

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetGeomFormat()                           */
/************************************************************************/

static OGRSQLiteGeomFormat GetGeomFormat(const char *pszGeomFormat)
{
    OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat = OSGF_None;
    if (pszGeomFormat)
    {
        if (EQUAL(pszGeomFormat, "WKT"))
            eGeomFormat = OSGF_WKT;
        else if (EQUAL(pszGeomFormat, "WKB"))
            eGeomFormat = OSGF_WKB;
        else if (EQUAL(pszGeomFormat, "FGF"))
            eGeomFormat = OSGF_FGF;
        else if (EQUAL(pszGeomFormat, "SpatiaLite"))
            eGeomFormat = OSGF_SpatiaLite;
    }
    return eGeomFormat;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetCreationParameters()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::SetCreationParameters(const char *pszFIDColumnName,
                                                OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType,
                                                const char *pszGeomFormat,
                                                const char *pszGeometryName,
                                                OGRSpatialReference *poSRS,
                                                int nSRSId)

{
    m_pszFIDColumn = CPLStrdup(pszFIDColumnName);
    m_poFeatureDefn = new OGRSQLiteFeatureDefn(m_pszTableName);
    m_poFeatureDefn->SetGeomType(wkbNone);
    m_poFeatureDefn->Reference();
    m_pszCreationGeomFormat =
        (pszGeomFormat) ? CPLStrdup(pszGeomFormat) : nullptr;
    if (eGeomType != wkbNone)
    {
        if (nSRSId == UNINITIALIZED_SRID)
            nSRSId = m_poDS->GetUndefinedSRID();
        OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat = GetGeomFormat(pszGeomFormat);
        auto poGeomFieldDefn =
            std::make_unique<OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn>(pszGeometryName, -1);
        poGeomFieldDefn->SetType(eGeomType);
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId = nSRSId;
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat = eGeomFormat;
        poGeomFieldDefn->SetSpatialRef(poSRS);
        m_poFeatureDefn->AddGeomFieldDefn(std::move(poGeomFieldDefn));
    }
    m_poFeatureDefn->Seal(/* bSealFields */ true);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               GetName()                              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetName()
{
    return GetDescription();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetMetadata()                             */
/************************************************************************/

char **OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetMetadata(const char *pszDomain)

{
    // Update GetMetadataItem() optimization that skips calling GetMetadata()
    // when key != OLMD_FID64 if we add more metadata items.

    GetLayerDefn();
    if (!m_bHasTriedDetectingFID64 && m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr)
    {
        m_bHasTriedDetectingFID64 = true;

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Find if the FID holds 64bit values */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        // Normally the fid should be AUTOINCREMENT, so check sqlite_sequence
        OGRErr err = OGRERR_NONE;
        char *pszSQL =
            sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT seq FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name = '%q'",
                            m_pszTableName);
        CPLPushErrorHandler(CPLQuietErrorHandler);
        GIntBig nMaxId = SQLGetInteger64(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL, &err);
        CPLPopErrorHandler();
        sqlite3_free(pszSQL);
        if (err != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            CPLErrorReset();

            // In case of error, fallback to taking the MAX of the FID
            pszSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT MAX(\"%w\") FROM \"%w\"",
                                     m_pszFIDColumn, m_pszTableName);

            nMaxId = SQLGetInteger64(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL, nullptr);
            sqlite3_free(pszSQL);
        }
        if (nMaxId > INT_MAX)
            OGRLayer::SetMetadataItem(OLMD_FID64, "YES");
    }

    return OGRSQLiteLayer::GetMetadata(pszDomain);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetMetadataItem()                           */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetMetadataItem(const char *pszName,
                                                 const char *pszDomain)
{
    if (!((pszDomain == nullptr || EQUAL(pszDomain, "")) &&
          EQUAL(pszName, OLMD_FID64)))
        return nullptr;
    return CSLFetchNameValue(GetMetadata(pszDomain), pszName);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         EstablishFeatureDefn()                       */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::EstablishFeatureDefn(const char *pszGeomCol,
                                                 bool bMayEmitError)
{
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the column definitions for this table.                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    bool bHasRowId = m_bIsTable;

    // SELECT .. FROM ... LIMIT ... is broken on VirtualShape tables with
    // spatialite 5.0.1 and sqlite 3.38.0
    const char *pszSQLConst =
        CPLSPrintf(m_bIsVirtualShape ? "SELECT %s* FROM '%s'"
                                     : "SELECT %s* FROM '%s' LIMIT 1",
                   m_bIsTable ? "_rowid_, " : "", m_pszEscapedTableName);

    sqlite3_stmt *hColStmt = nullptr;
    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, pszSQLConst, -1, &hColStmt, nullptr);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        const char *pszErrMsg = sqlite3_errmsg(hDB);
        if (m_bIsTable && pszErrMsg && strstr(pszErrMsg, "_rowid_") != nullptr)
        {
            // This is likely a table WITHOUT ROWID
            bHasRowId = false;
            sqlite3_finalize(hColStmt);
            hColStmt = nullptr;
            pszSQLConst =
                CPLSPrintf("SELECT * FROM '%s' LIMIT 1", m_pszEscapedTableName);
            rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, pszSQLConst, -1, &hColStmt, nullptr);
        }
        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            if (bMayEmitError)
            {
                CPLError(
                    CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                    "Unable to query table %s for column definitions : %s.",
                    m_pszTableName, sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
            }
            return CE_Failure;
        }
    }

    rc = sqlite3_step(hColStmt);
    if (rc != SQLITE_DONE && rc != SQLITE_ROW)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "In Initialize(): sqlite3_step(%s):\n  %s", pszSQLConst,
                 sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
        sqlite3_finalize(hColStmt);
        return CE_Failure;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      What should we use as FID?  If there is a primary key           */
    /*      integer field, then this will be used as the _rowid_, and we    */
    /*      will pick up the real column name here.                         */
    /*                                                                      */
    /*      Note that the select _rowid_ will return the real column        */
    /*      name if the rowid corresponds to another primary key            */
    /*      column.                                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (bHasRowId)
    {
        CPLFree(m_pszFIDColumn);
        m_pszFIDColumn =
            CPLStrdup(SQLUnescape(sqlite3_column_name(hColStmt, 0)));
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Collect the rest of the fields.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (pszGeomCol)
    {
        std::set<CPLString> aosGeomCols;
        aosGeomCols.insert(pszGeomCol);
        std::set<CPLString> aosIgnoredCols(
            m_poDS->GetGeomColsForTable(m_pszTableName));
        aosIgnoredCols.erase(pszGeomCol);
        BuildFeatureDefn(GetDescription(), false, hColStmt, &aosGeomCols,
                         aosIgnoredCols);
    }
    else
    {
        std::set<CPLString> aosIgnoredCols;
        const std::set<CPLString> &aosGeomCols(
            m_poDS->GetGeomColsForTable(m_pszTableName));
        BuildFeatureDefn(GetDescription(), false, hColStmt,
                         (m_bIsVirtualShape) ? nullptr : &aosGeomCols,
                         aosIgnoredCols);
    }
    sqlite3_finalize(hColStmt);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Set the properties of the geometry column.                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    bool bHasSpatialiteCol = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); i++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(i);
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId = m_poDS->GetUndefinedSRID();

        if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
        {
            if (m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout())
            {
                pszSQLConst = CPLSPrintf(
                    "SELECT srid, geometry_type, coord_dimension, "
                    "spatial_index_enabled FROM geometry_columns WHERE "
                    "lower(f_table_name) = lower('%s') AND "
                    "lower(f_geometry_column) = lower('%s')",
                    m_pszEscapedTableName,
                    SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
            }
            else
            {
                pszSQLConst = CPLSPrintf(
                    "SELECT srid, type, coord_dimension, spatial_index_enabled "
                    "FROM geometry_columns WHERE lower(f_table_name) = "
                    "lower('%s') AND lower(f_geometry_column) = lower('%s')",
                    m_pszEscapedTableName,
                    SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
            }
        }
        else
        {
            pszSQLConst = CPLSPrintf(
                "SELECT srid, geometry_type, coord_dimension, geometry_format "
                "FROM geometry_columns WHERE lower(f_table_name) = lower('%s') "
                "AND lower(f_geometry_column) = lower('%s')",
                m_pszEscapedTableName,
                SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
        }
        char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;
        int nRowCount = 0, nColCount = 0;
        char **papszResult = nullptr;
        rc = sqlite3_get_table(hDB, pszSQLConst, &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                               &nColCount, &pszErrMsg);
        OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType = wkbUnknown;
        OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat = OSGF_None;
        if (rc == SQLITE_OK && nRowCount == 1)
        {
            char **papszRow = papszResult + nColCount;
            if (papszRow[1] == nullptr || papszRow[2] == nullptr)
            {
                CPLDebug("SQLite", "Did not get expected col value");
                sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
                continue;
            }
            if (papszRow[0] != nullptr)
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId = atoi(papszRow[0]);
            if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
            {
                if (papszRow[3] != nullptr)
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex =
                        atoi(papszRow[3]) != 0;
                if (m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout())
                {
                    int nGeomType = atoi(papszRow[1]);

                    if (nGeomType >= static_cast<int>(wkbPoint) &&
                        nGeomType <=
                            static_cast<int>(wkbGeometryCollection)) /* XY */
                        eGeomType = static_cast<OGRwkbGeometryType>(nGeomType);
                    else if (nGeomType >= 1000 && nGeomType <= 1007) /* XYZ */
                        eGeomType = wkbSetZ(wkbFlatten(nGeomType));
                    else if (nGeomType >= 2000 && nGeomType <= 2007) /* XYM */
                        eGeomType = wkbSetM(wkbFlatten(nGeomType));
                    else if (nGeomType >= 3000 && nGeomType <= 3007) /* XYZM */
                        eGeomType = wkbSetM(wkbSetZ(wkbFlatten(nGeomType)));
                }
                else
                {
                    eGeomType = OGRFromOGCGeomType(papszRow[1]);

                    if (strcmp(papszRow[2], "XYZ") == 0 ||
                        strcmp(papszRow[2], "3") ==
                            0)  // SpatiaLite's own 3D geometries
                        eGeomType = wkbSetZ(eGeomType);
                    else if (strcmp(papszRow[2], "XYM") == 0)
                        eGeomType = wkbSetM(eGeomType);
                    else if (strcmp(papszRow[2], "XYZM") ==
                             0)  // M coordinate declared
                        eGeomType = wkbSetM(wkbSetZ(eGeomType));
                }
                eGeomFormat = OSGF_SpatiaLite;
            }
            else
            {
                eGeomType = static_cast<OGRwkbGeometryType>(atoi(papszRow[1]));
                if (atoi(papszRow[2]) > 2)
                    eGeomType = wkbSetZ(eGeomType);
                eGeomFormat = GetGeomFormat(papszRow[3]);
            }
        }
        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);

        poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat = eGeomFormat;
        poGeomFieldDefn->SetType(eGeomType);
        poGeomFieldDefn->SetSpatialRef(
            m_poDS->FetchSRS(poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId));

        // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
        if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_SpatiaLite)
            bHasSpatialiteCol = true;
    }

    if (bHasSpatialiteCol && m_poDS->IsSpatialiteLoaded() &&
        m_poDS->GetSpatialiteVersionNumber() <
            OGRSQLiteDataSource::MakeSpatialiteVersionNumber(2, 4, 0) &&
        m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        // we need to test version required by Spatialite TRIGGERs
        // hColStmt = NULL;
        pszSQLConst =
            CPLSPrintf("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'trigger' "
                       "AND tbl_name = '%s' AND sql LIKE '%%RTreeAlign%%'",
                       m_pszEscapedTableName);

        int nRowTriggerCount, nColTriggerCount;
        char **papszTriggerResult, *pszErrMsg;

        /* rc = */ sqlite3_get_table(hDB, pszSQLConst, &papszTriggerResult,
                                     &nRowTriggerCount, &nColTriggerCount,
                                     &pszErrMsg);
        if (nRowTriggerCount >= 1)
        {
            // obsolete library version not supporting new triggers
            // enforcing ReadOnly mode
            CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Enforcing ReadOnly mode : obsolete library "
                               "version not supporting new triggers");
            m_poDS->DisableUpdate();
        }

        sqlite3_free_table(papszTriggerResult);
    }
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Check if there are default values and nullable status           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    char **papszResult = nullptr;
    int nRowCount = 0;
    int nColCount = 0;
    char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;
    /*  #|name|type|notnull|default|pk */
    char *pszSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA table_info('%q')", m_pszTableName);
    rc = sqlite3_get_table(hDB, pszSQL, &papszResult, &nRowCount, &nColCount,
                           &pszErrMsg);
    sqlite3_free(pszSQL);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        if (nColCount == 6)
        {
            const std::set<std::string> uniqueFieldsUC(
                SQLGetUniqueFieldUCConstraints(hDB, m_pszTableName));

            const int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
            std::map<std::string, int> oMapNametoIdx;
            for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; ++i)
                oMapNametoIdx[m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefnUnsafe(i)
                                  ->GetNameRef()] = i;

            for (int i = 0; i < nRowCount; i++)
            {
                const char *pszName = papszResult[(i + 1) * 6 + 1];
                if (!pszName)
                    continue;  // should normally never happen
                const char *pszNotNull = papszResult[(i + 1) * 6 + 3];
                const char *pszDefault = papszResult[(i + 1) * 6 + 4];
                int idx = -1;
                const auto oIter = oMapNametoIdx.find(pszName);
                if (oIter != oMapNametoIdx.end())
                    idx = oIter->second;
                if (pszDefault != nullptr)
                {
                    if (idx >= 0)
                    {
                        OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn =
                            m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefnUnsafe(idx);
                        if (poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTString &&
                            !EQUAL(pszDefault, "NULL") &&
                            !STARTS_WITH_CI(pszDefault, "CURRENT_") &&
                            pszDefault[0] != '(' && pszDefault[0] != '\'' &&
                            CPLGetValueType(pszDefault) == CPL_VALUE_STRING)
                        {
                            CPLString osDefault("'");
                            char *pszTmp =
                                CPLEscapeString(pszDefault, -1, CPLES_SQL);
                            osDefault += pszTmp;
                            CPLFree(pszTmp);
                            osDefault += "'";
                            poFieldDefn->SetDefault(osDefault);
                        }
                        else if ((poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTDate ||
                                  poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTDateTime) &&
                                 !EQUAL(pszDefault, "NULL") &&
                                 !STARTS_WITH_CI(pszDefault, "CURRENT_") &&
                                 pszDefault[0] != '(' &&
                                 pszDefault[0] != '\'' &&
                                 !(pszDefault[0] >= '0' &&
                                   pszDefault[0] <= '9') &&
                                 CPLGetValueType(pszDefault) ==
                                     CPL_VALUE_STRING)
                        {
                            CPLString osDefault("(");
                            osDefault += pszDefault;
                            osDefault += ")";
                            poFieldDefn->SetDefault(osDefault);
                        }
                        else
                            poFieldDefn->SetDefault(pszDefault);
                    }
                }
                if (pszNotNull != nullptr && EQUAL(pszNotNull, "1"))
                {
                    if (idx >= 0)
                        m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefnUnsafe(idx)->SetNullable(
                            0);
                    else
                    {
                        const int geomFieldIdx =
                            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldIndex(pszName);
                        if (geomFieldIdx >= 0)
                            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(geomFieldIdx)
                                ->SetNullable(0);
                    }
                }
                if (idx >= 0 &&
                    uniqueFieldsUC.find(CPLString(pszName).toupper()) !=
                        uniqueFieldsUC.end())
                {
                    m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefnUnsafe(idx)->SetUnique(TRUE);
                }
            }
        }
        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
    }

    nRowCount = 0;
    nColCount = 0;
    papszResult = nullptr;

    pszSQL = sqlite3_mprintf(
        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='%q'",
        m_pszTableName);
    rc = sqlite3_get_table(hDB, pszSQL, &papszResult, &nRowCount, &nColCount,
                           nullptr);
    sqlite3_free(pszSQL);
    if (rc == SQLITE_OK && nRowCount == 1 && nColCount == 1)
    {
        const char *pszCreateTableSQL = papszResult[1];
        const char *pszLastParenthesis = strrchr(pszCreateTableSQL, ')');
        if (pszLastParenthesis)
        {
            m_bStrict = CPLString(pszLastParenthesis + 1).ifind("STRICT") !=
                        std::string::npos;
#ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE
            if (m_bStrict)
                CPLDebug("SQLite", "Table %s has STRICT mode", m_pszTableName);
#endif
        }

        const int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; ++i)
        {
            auto poFieldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(i);
            if (poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTInteger)
            {
                // In strict mode, the number of allowed types is severely
                // restricted, so interpret INTEGER as Int64 by default, unless
                // a check constraint makes it clear it is Int32
                if (m_bStrict)
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTInteger64);
                if (strstr(pszCreateTableSQL,
                           ("CHECK (\"" +
                            CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                            "\" BETWEEN -2147483648 AND 2147483647)")
                               .c_str()))
                {
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTInteger);
                }
                else if (strstr(pszCreateTableSQL,
                                ("CHECK (\"" +
                                 CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                     .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                                 "\" BETWEEN -9223372036854775808 AND "
                                 "9223372036854775807)")
                                    .c_str()))
                {
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTInteger64);
                }
            }
            else if (poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTString)
            {
                if (strstr(pszCreateTableSQL,
                           ("CHECK (\"" +
                            CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                            "\" LIKE "
                            "'[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2]["
                            "0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-6][0-9]*')")
                               .c_str()))
                {
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTDateTime);
                }
                else if (strstr(
                             pszCreateTableSQL,
                             ("CHECK (\"" +
                              CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                  .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                              "\" LIKE "
                              "'[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T')")
                                 .c_str()))
                {
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTDate);
                }
                else if (strstr(pszCreateTableSQL,
                                ("CHECK (\"" +
                                 CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                     .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                                 "\" LIKE '[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-6][0-9]*')")
                                    .c_str()))
                {
                    poFieldDefn->SetType(OFTTime);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         RecomputeOrdinals()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::RecomputeOrdinals()
{
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    sqlite3_stmt *hColStmt = nullptr;
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the column definitions for this table.                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    const char *pszSQL = CPLSPrintf(
        "SELECT %s* FROM '%s' LIMIT 1",
        m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr ? "_rowid_, " : "", m_pszEscapedTableName);

    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, pszSQL, -1, &hColStmt, nullptr);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Unable to query table %s for column definitions : %s.",
                 m_pszTableName, sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));

        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    rc = sqlite3_step(hColStmt);
    if (rc != SQLITE_DONE && rc != SQLITE_ROW)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "In Initialize(): sqlite3_step(%s):\n  %s", pszSQL,
                 sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
        sqlite3_finalize(hColStmt);
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    int nRawColumns = sqlite3_column_count(hColStmt);

    CPLFree(m_panFieldOrdinals);
    m_panFieldOrdinals = static_cast<int *>(
        CPLMalloc(sizeof(int) * m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount()));
    int nCountFieldOrdinals = 0;
    int nCountGeomFieldOrdinals = 0;
    m_iFIDCol = -1;

    for (int iCol = 0; iCol < nRawColumns; iCol++)
    {
        CPLString osName = SQLUnescape(sqlite3_column_name(hColStmt, iCol));
        int nIdx = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldIndex(osName);
        if (m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr && strcmp(osName, m_pszFIDColumn) == 0)
        {
            if (m_iFIDCol < 0)
            {
                m_iFIDCol = iCol;
                if (nIdx >=
                    0) /* in case it has also been created as a regular field */
                    nCountFieldOrdinals++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (nIdx >= 0)
        {
            m_panFieldOrdinals[nIdx] = iCol;
            nCountFieldOrdinals++;
        }
        else
        {
            nIdx = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldIndex(osName);
            if (nIdx >= 0)
            {
                OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                    m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(nIdx);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_iCol = iCol;
                nCountGeomFieldOrdinals++;
            }
        }
    }
    (void)nCountFieldOrdinals;
    CPLAssert(nCountFieldOrdinals == m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount());
    (void)nCountGeomFieldOrdinals;
    CPLAssert(nCountGeomFieldOrdinals == m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount());
    CPLAssert(m_pszFIDColumn == nullptr || m_iFIDCol >= 0);

    sqlite3_finalize(hColStmt);

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetLayerDefn()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureDefn *OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetLayerDefn()
{
    if (m_poFeatureDefn)
        return m_poFeatureDefn;

    EstablishFeatureDefn(nullptr, /* bMayEmitError = */ true);

    if (m_poFeatureDefn == nullptr)
    {
        m_bLayerDefnError = true;

        m_poFeatureDefn = new OGRSQLiteFeatureDefn(GetDescription());
        m_poFeatureDefn->Reference();
    }
    else
        LoadStatistics();

    m_poFeatureDefn->Seal(/* bSealFields */ true);

    return m_poFeatureDefn;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ResetStatement()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ResetStatement()

{
    CPLString osSQL;

    if (m_bDeferredCreation)
        RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary();

    ClearStatement();

    m_iNextShapeId = 0;

    osSQL.Printf("SELECT %s* FROM '%s' %s",
                 m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr ? "_rowid_, " : "",
                 m_pszEscapedTableName, m_osWHERE.c_str());
#ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE
    CPLDebug("SQLite", "%s", osSQL.c_str());
#endif

    const int rc =
        sqlite3_prepare_v2(m_poDS->GetDB(), osSQL, -1, &m_hStmt, nullptr);
    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
    {
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
             "In ResetStatement(): sqlite3_prepare_v2(%s):\n  %s",
             osSQL.c_str(), sqlite3_errmsg(m_poDS->GetDB()));
    m_hStmt = nullptr;
    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetNextFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature *OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetNextFeature()

{
    if (m_bDeferredCreation && RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return nullptr;

    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return nullptr;

    OGRFeature *poFeature = OGRSQLiteLayer::GetNextFeature();
    if (poFeature && m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex >= 0)
    {
        poFeature->SetField(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex, poFeature->GetFID());
    }
    return poFeature;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature *OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetFeature(GIntBig nFeatureId)

{
    if (m_bDeferredCreation && RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return nullptr;

    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If we don't have an explicit FID column, just read through      */
    /*      the result set iteratively to find our target.                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_pszFIDColumn == nullptr)
        return OGRSQLiteLayer::GetFeature(nFeatureId);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Setup explicit query statement to fetch the record we want.     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osSQL;

    ClearStatement();

    m_iNextShapeId = nFeatureId;

    osSQL.Printf("SELECT _rowid_, * FROM '%s' WHERE \"%s\" = " CPL_FRMT_GIB,
                 m_pszEscapedTableName,
                 SQLEscapeLiteral(m_pszFIDColumn).c_str(), nFeatureId);

    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osSQL.c_str());

    const int rc =
        sqlite3_prepare_v2(m_poDS->GetDB(), osSQL,
                           static_cast<int>(osSQL.size()), &m_hStmt, nullptr);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "In GetFeature(): sqlite3_prepare_v2(%s):\n  %s",
                 osSQL.c_str(), sqlite3_errmsg(m_poDS->GetDB()));

        return nullptr;
    }
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the feature if possible.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRFeature *poFeature = GetNextRawFeature();

    ResetReading();

    return poFeature;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetAttributeFilter()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::SetAttributeFilter(const char *pszQuery)

{
    CPLFree(m_pszAttrQueryString);
    m_pszAttrQueryString = (pszQuery) ? CPLStrdup(pszQuery) : nullptr;

    if (pszQuery == nullptr)
        m_osQuery = "";
    else
        m_osQuery = pszQuery;

    BuildWhere();

    ResetReading();

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         ISetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ISetSpatialFilter(int iGeomField,
                                              const OGRGeometry *poGeomIn)

{
    m_iGeomFieldFilter = iGeomField;
    if (InstallFilter(poGeomIn))
    {
        BuildWhere();

        ResetReading();
    }
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        CheckSpatialIndexTable()                      */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRSQLiteTableLayer::CheckSpatialIndexTable(int iGeomCol)
{
    GetLayerDefn();
    if (iGeomCol < 0 || iGeomCol >= m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount())
        return false;
    OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol);
    if (HasSpatialIndex(iGeomCol) &&
        !poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasCheckedSpatialIndexTable)
    {
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasCheckedSpatialIndexTable = true;
        char **papszResult = nullptr;
        int nRowCount = 0;
        int nColCount = 0;
        char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;

        CPLString osSQL;

        /* This will ensure that RTree support is available */
        osSQL.Printf("SELECT pkid FROM 'idx_%s_%s' WHERE xmax > 0 AND xmin < 0 "
                     "AND ymax > 0 AND ymin < 0",
                     m_pszEscapedTableName,
                     SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

        int rc = sqlite3_get_table(m_poDS->GetDB(), osSQL.c_str(), &papszResult,
                                   &nRowCount, &nColCount, &pszErrMsg);

        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            CPLDebug("SQLITE",
                     "Count not find or use idx_%s_%s layer (%s). Disabling "
                     "spatial index",
                     m_pszEscapedTableName, poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef(),
                     pszErrMsg);
            sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
            poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex = false;
        }
        else
        {
            sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        }
    }

    return poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         HasFastSpatialFilter()                       */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRSQLiteTableLayer::HasFastSpatialFilter(int iGeomCol)
{
    OGRPolygon oFakePoly;
    const char *pszWKT = "POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))";
    oFakePoly.importFromWkt(&pszWKT);
    CPLString osSpatialWhere = GetSpatialWhere(iGeomCol, &oFakePoly);
    return osSpatialWhere.find("ROWID") == 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetSpatialWhere()                          */
/************************************************************************/

CPLString OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetSpatialWhere(int iGeomCol,
                                               OGRGeometry *poFilterGeom)
{
    if (!m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() || iGeomCol < 0 ||
        iGeomCol >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount())
        return "";

    OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol);
    if (poFilterGeom != nullptr && CheckSpatialIndexTable(iGeomCol))
    {
        return FormatSpatialFilterFromRTree(
            poFilterGeom, "ROWID", m_pszEscapedTableName,
            SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
    }

    if (poFilterGeom != nullptr && m_poDS->IsSpatialiteLoaded() &&
        !poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex)
    {
        return FormatSpatialFilterFromMBR(
            poFilterGeom, SQLEscapeName(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
    }

    return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             BuildWhere()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Build the WHERE statement appropriate to the current set of     */
/*      criteria (spatial and attribute queries).                       */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::BuildWhere()

{
    m_osWHERE = "";

    CPLString osSpatialWHERE =
        GetSpatialWhere(m_iGeomFieldFilter, m_poFilterGeom);
    if (!osSpatialWHERE.empty())
    {
        m_osWHERE = "WHERE ";
        m_osWHERE += osSpatialWHERE;
    }

    if (!m_osQuery.empty())
    {
        if (m_osWHERE.empty())
        {
            m_osWHERE = "WHERE ";
            m_osWHERE += m_osQuery;
        }
        else
        {
            m_osWHERE += " AND (";
            m_osWHERE += m_osQuery;
            m_osWHERE += ")";
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           TestCapability()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRSQLiteTableLayer::TestCapability(const char *pszCap)

{
    if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCFastFeatureCount))
        return m_poFilterGeom == nullptr || HasSpatialIndex(0);

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCFastSpatialFilter))
        return HasSpatialIndex(0);

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCFastGetExtent))
    {
        return GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() >= 1 &&
               myGetLayerDefn()->myGetGeomFieldDefn(0)->m_bCachedExtentIsValid;
    }

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCRandomRead))
        return m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr;

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCSequentialWrite) || EQUAL(pszCap, OLCRandomWrite))
    {
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate();
    }

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCDeleteFeature))
    {
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate() && m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr;
    }

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCCreateField) || EQUAL(pszCap, OLCCreateGeomField))
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate();

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCDeleteField))
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate();

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCAlterFieldDefn))
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate();

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCReorderFields))
        return m_poDS->GetUpdate();

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCCurveGeometries))
        return m_poDS->TestCapability(ODsCCurveGeometries);

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCMeasuredGeometries))
        return m_poDS->TestCapability(ODsCMeasuredGeometries);

    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, OLCZGeometries))
        return true;

    else
        return OGRSQLiteLayer::TestCapability(pszCap);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetFeatureCount()                           */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGRSQLiteTableLayer::GetFeatureCount(int bForce)

{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return 0;

    if (!TestCapability(OLCFastFeatureCount))
        return OGRSQLiteLayer::GetFeatureCount(bForce);

    if (m_nFeatureCount >= 0 && m_poFilterGeom == nullptr && m_osQuery.empty())
    {
        return m_nFeatureCount;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Form count SQL.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *pszSQL = nullptr;

    if (m_poFilterGeom != nullptr &&
        CheckSpatialIndexTable(m_iGeomFieldFilter) && m_osQuery.empty())
    {
        OGREnvelope sEnvelope;

        m_poFilterGeom->getEnvelope(&sEnvelope);
        const char *pszGeomCol =
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(m_iGeomFieldFilter)->GetNameRef();
        pszSQL = CPLSPrintf("SELECT count(*) FROM 'idx_%s_%s' WHERE "
                            "xmax >= %.12f AND xmin <= %.12f AND ymax >= %.12f "
                            "AND ymin <= %.12f",
                            m_pszEscapedTableName,
                            SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str(),
                            sEnvelope.MinX - 1e-11, sEnvelope.MaxX + 1e-11,
                            sEnvelope.MinY - 1e-11, sEnvelope.MaxY + 1e-11);
    }
    else
    {
        pszSQL = CPLSPrintf("SELECT count(*) FROM '%s' %s",
                            m_pszEscapedTableName, m_osWHERE.c_str());
    }

    CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Running %s", pszSQL);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Execute.                                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRErr eErr = OGRERR_NONE;
    GIntBig nResult = SQLGetInteger64(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL, &eErr);
    if (eErr == OGRERR_FAILURE)
    {
        nResult = -1;
    }
    else
    {
        if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr && m_osQuery.empty())
        {
            m_nFeatureCount = nResult;
            if (m_poDS->GetUpdate())
                ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
        }
    }

    return nResult;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            IGetExtent()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::IGetExtent(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope *psExtent,
                                       bool bForce)
{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField);
    if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid)
    {
        *psExtent = poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent;
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }

    if (CheckSpatialIndexTable(iGeomField) &&
        !CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_SQLITE_EXACT_EXTENT", "NO")))
    {
        const char *pszSQL =
            CPLSPrintf("SELECT MIN(xmin), MIN(ymin), "
                       "MAX(xmax), MAX(ymax) FROM 'idx_%s_%s'",
                       m_pszEscapedTableName,
                       SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

        CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Running %s", pszSQL);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Execute. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        char **papszResult = nullptr;
        char *pszErrMsg;
        int nRowCount = 0;
        int nColCount = 0;

        if (sqlite3_get_table(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL, &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                              &nColCount, &pszErrMsg) != SQLITE_OK)
            return OGRSQLiteLayer::IGetExtent(iGeomField, psExtent, bForce);

        OGRErr eErr = OGRERR_FAILURE;

        if (nRowCount == 1 && nColCount == 4 && papszResult[4 + 0] != nullptr &&
            papszResult[4 + 1] != nullptr && papszResult[4 + 2] != nullptr &&
            papszResult[4 + 3] != nullptr)
        {
            psExtent->MinX = CPLAtof(papszResult[4 + 0]);
            psExtent->MinY = CPLAtof(papszResult[4 + 1]);
            psExtent->MaxX = CPLAtof(papszResult[4 + 2]);
            psExtent->MaxY = CPLAtof(papszResult[4 + 3]);
            eErr = OGRERR_NONE;

            if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr && m_osQuery.empty())
            {
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = true;
                if (m_poDS->GetUpdate())
                    ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent = *psExtent;
            }
        }

        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);

        if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
            return eErr;
    }

    OGRErr eErr = OGRSQLiteLayer::IGetExtent(iGeomField, psExtent, bForce);
    if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE && m_poFilterGeom == nullptr && m_osQuery.empty())
    {
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = true;
        ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
        poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent = *psExtent;
    }
    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                  OGRSQLiteFieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn()               */
/************************************************************************/

CPLString OGRSQLiteFieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(const OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn,
                                              bool bSQLiteDialectInternalUse,
                                              bool bStrict)
{
    if (bStrict)
    {
        switch (poFieldDefn->GetType())
        {
            case OFTInteger:
                return "INTEGER CHECK (\"" +
                       CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                           .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                       "\" BETWEEN -2147483648 AND 2147483647)";
            case OFTInteger64:
                return "INTEGER CHECK (\"" +
                       CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                           .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                       "\" BETWEEN -9223372036854775808 AND "
                       "9223372036854775807)";
            case OFTReal:
                return "REAL";
            case OFTBinary:
                return "BLOB";
            case OFTDateTime:
                return "TEXT CHECK (\"" +
                       CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                           .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                       "\" LIKE "
                       "'[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[0-2][0-9]:"
                       "[0-5][0-9]:[0-6][0-9]*')";
            case OFTDate:
                return "TEXT CHECK (\"" +
                       CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                           .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                       "\" LIKE '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T')";
            case OFTTime:
                return "TEXT CHECK (\"" +
                       CPLString(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                           .replaceAll('"', "\"\"") +
                       "\" LIKE '[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-6][0-9]*')";
            default:
                return "TEXT";
        }
    }

    switch (poFieldDefn->GetType())
    {
        case OFTInteger:
            if (poFieldDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTBoolean)
                return "INTEGER_BOOLEAN";
            else if (poFieldDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTInt16)
                return "INTEGER_INT16";
            else
                return "INTEGER";
            break;
        case OFTInteger64:
            return "BIGINT";
        case OFTReal:
            if (bSQLiteDialectInternalUse &&
                poFieldDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTFloat32)
                return "FLOAT_FLOAT32";
            else
                return "FLOAT";
            break;
        case OFTBinary:
            return "BLOB";
            break;
        case OFTString:
        {
            if (poFieldDefn->GetWidth() > 0)
                return CPLSPrintf("VARCHAR(%d)", poFieldDefn->GetWidth());
            else
                return "VARCHAR";
            break;
        }
        case OFTDateTime:
            return "TIMESTAMP";
            break;
        case OFTDate:
            return "DATE";
            break;
        case OFTTime:
            return "TIME";
            break;
        case OFTIntegerList:
            return "JSONINTEGERLIST";
            break;
        case OFTInteger64List:
            return "JSONINTEGER64LIST";
            break;
        case OFTRealList:
            return "JSONREALLIST";
            break;
        case OFTStringList:
            return "JSONSTRINGLIST";
            break;
        default:
            return "VARCHAR";
            break;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn()                      */
/************************************************************************/

CPLString
OGRSQLiteTableLayer::FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn)
{
    CPLString osRet =
        OGRSQLiteFieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(poFieldDefn, false, m_bStrict);
    if (!m_bStrict && poFieldDefn->GetType() == OFTString &&
        CSLFindString(m_papszCompressedColumns, poFieldDefn->GetNameRef()) >= 0)
        osRet += "_deflate";

    return osRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CreateField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::CreateField(const OGRFieldDefn *poFieldIn,
                                        CPL_UNUSED int bApproxOK)
{
    OGRFieldDefn oField(poFieldIn);

    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "CreateField");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr &&
        EQUAL(oField.GetNameRef(), m_pszFIDColumn) &&
        oField.GetType() != OFTInteger && oField.GetType() != OFTInteger64)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Wrong field type for %s",
                 oField.GetNameRef());
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    ClearInsertStmt();

    if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() && EQUAL(oField.GetNameRef(), "ROWID") &&
        !(m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr &&
          EQUAL(oField.GetNameRef(), m_pszFIDColumn)))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "In a Spatialite DB, a 'ROWID' column that is not the integer "
                 "primary key can corrupt spatial index. "
                 "See "
                 "https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/"
                 "wiki?name=Shadowed+ROWID+issues");
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we want to "launder" the column names into SQLite            */
    /*      friendly format?                                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_bLaunderColumnNames)
    {
        char *pszSafeName = m_poDS->LaunderName(oField.GetNameRef());

        oField.SetName(pszSafeName);
        CPLFree(pszSafeName);
    }

    if ((oField.GetType() == OFTTime || oField.GetType() == OFTDate ||
         oField.GetType() == OFTDateTime) &&
        !(CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_SQLITE_ENABLE_DATETIME", "YES"))))
    {
        oField.SetType(OFTString);
    }

    if (!m_bDeferredCreation)
    {
        CPLString osCommand;

        CPLString osFieldType(FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(&oField));
        osCommand.Printf(
            "ALTER TABLE '%s' ADD COLUMN '%s' %s", m_pszEscapedTableName,
            SQLEscapeLiteral(oField.GetNameRef()).c_str(), osFieldType.c_str());
        if (!oField.IsNullable())
        {
            osCommand += " NOT NULL";
        }
        if (oField.IsUnique())
        {
            osCommand += " UNIQUE";
        }
        if (oField.GetDefault() != nullptr && !oField.IsDefaultDriverSpecific())
        {
            osCommand += " DEFAULT ";
            osCommand += oField.GetDefault();
        }
        else if (!oField.IsNullable())
        {
            // This is kind of dumb, but SQLite mandates a DEFAULT value
            // when adding a NOT NULL column in an ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN
            // statement, which defeats the purpose of NOT NULL,
            // whereas it doesn't in CREATE TABLE
            osCommand += " DEFAULT ''";
        }

#ifdef DEBUG
        CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

        if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osCommand) != OGRERR_NONE)
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add the field to the OGRFeatureDefn.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    whileUnsealing(m_poFeatureDefn)->AddFieldDefn(&oField);

    if (m_poDS->IsInTransaction())
    {
        m_apoFieldDefnChanges.emplace_back(
            std::make_unique<OGRFieldDefn>(oField),
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount() - 1, FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD,
            m_poDS->GetCurrentSavepoint());
    }

    if (m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr && EQUAL(oField.GetNameRef(), m_pszFIDColumn))
    {
        m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount() - 1;
    }

    if (!m_bDeferredCreation)
        RecomputeOrdinals();

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           CreateGeomField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr
OGRSQLiteTableLayer::CreateGeomField(const OGRGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldIn,
                                     CPL_UNUSED int bApproxOK)
{
    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = poGeomFieldIn->GetType();
    if (eType == wkbNone)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Cannot create geometry field of type wkbNone");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
    if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
    {
        // We need to catch this right now as AddGeometryColumn does not
        // return an error
        OGRwkbGeometryType eFType = wkbFlatten(eType);
        if (eFType > wkbGeometryCollection)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                     "Cannot create geometry field of type %s",
                     OGRToOGCGeomType(eType));
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    auto poGeomField = std::make_unique<OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn>(
        poGeomFieldIn->GetNameRef(), -1);
    if (EQUAL(poGeomField->GetNameRef(), ""))
    {
        if (m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount() == 0)
            poGeomField->SetName("GEOMETRY");
        else
            poGeomField->SetName(CPLSPrintf(
                "GEOMETRY%d", m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount() + 1));
    }
    auto poSRSIn = poGeomFieldIn->GetSpatialRef();
    if (poSRSIn)
    {
        auto l_poSRS = poSRSIn->Clone();
        l_poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
        poGeomField->SetSpatialRef(l_poSRS);
        l_poSRS->Release();
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we want to "launder" the column names into Postgres          */
    /*      friendly format?                                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_bLaunderColumnNames)
    {
        char *pszSafeName = m_poDS->LaunderName(poGeomField->GetNameRef());

        poGeomField->SetName(pszSafeName);
        CPLFree(pszSafeName);
    }

    const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS = poGeomField->GetSpatialRef();
    int nSRSId = -1;
    if (poSRS != nullptr)
        nSRSId = m_poDS->FetchSRSId(poSRS);

    poGeomField->SetType(eType);
    poGeomField->SetNullable(poGeomFieldIn->IsNullable());
    poGeomField->m_nSRSId = nSRSId;
    if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
        poGeomField->m_eGeomFormat = OSGF_SpatiaLite;
    else if (m_pszCreationGeomFormat)
        poGeomField->m_eGeomFormat = GetGeomFormat(m_pszCreationGeomFormat);
    else
        poGeomField->m_eGeomFormat = OSGF_WKB;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create the new field.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!m_bDeferredCreation)
    {
        if (RunAddGeometryColumn(poGeomField.get(), true) != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    // Add to the list of changes BEFORE adding it to the feature definition
    // because poGeomField is a unique ptr.
    if (m_poDS->IsInTransaction())
    {
        m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges.emplace_back(
            std::make_unique<OGRGeomFieldDefn>(*poGeomField),
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(), FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD);
    }

    m_poFeatureDefn->AddGeomFieldDefn(std::move(poGeomField));

    if (!m_bDeferredCreation)
        RecomputeOrdinals();

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        RunAddGeometryColumn()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::RunAddGeometryColumn(
    const OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn,
    bool bAddColumnsForNonSpatialite)
{
    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = poGeomFieldDefn->GetType();
    const char *pszGeomCol = poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
    int nSRSId = poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId;

    const int nCoordDim = eType == wkbFlatten(eType) ? 2 : 3;

    if (bAddColumnsForNonSpatialite && !m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
    {
        CPLString osCommand =
            CPLSPrintf("ALTER TABLE '%s' ADD COLUMN ", m_pszEscapedTableName);
        if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKT)
        {
            osCommand += CPLSPrintf(
                " '%s' VARCHAR",
                SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
        }
        else
        {
            osCommand += CPLSPrintf(
                " '%s' BLOB",
                SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
        }
        if (!poGeomFieldDefn->IsNullable())
            osCommand += " NOT NULL DEFAULT ''";

#ifdef DEBUG
        CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

        if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osCommand) != OGRERR_NONE)
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    CPLString osCommand;

    if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
    {
        /*
        / SpatiaLite full support: calling AddGeometryColumn()
        /
        / IMPORTANT NOTICE: on SpatiaLite any attempt aimed
        / to directly INSERT a row into GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
        / [by-passing AddGeometryColumn() as absolutely required]
        / will severely [and irremediably] corrupt the DB !!!
        */
        const char *pszType = OGRToOGCGeomType(eType);
        if (pszType[0] == '\0')
            pszType = "GEOMETRY";

        /*
        / SpatiaLite v.2.4.0 (or any subsequent) is required
        / to support 2.5D: if an obsolete version of the library
        / is found we'll unconditionally activate 2D casting mode
        */
        int iSpatialiteVersion = m_poDS->GetSpatialiteVersionNumber();
        const char *pszCoordDim = "2";
        if (iSpatialiteVersion <
                OGRSQLiteDataSource::MakeSpatialiteVersionNumber(2, 4, 0) &&
            nCoordDim == 3)
        {
            CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Spatialite < 2.4.0 --> 2.5D geometry not "
                               "supported. Casting to 2D");
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_HasM(eType))
        {
            pszCoordDim = (OGR_GT_HasZ(eType)) ? "'XYZM'" : "'XYM'";
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_HasZ(eType))
        {
            pszCoordDim = "3";
        }
        osCommand.Printf("SELECT AddGeometryColumn("
                         "'%s', '%s', %d, '%s', %s",
                         m_pszEscapedTableName,
                         SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str(), nSRSId, pszType,
                         pszCoordDim);
        if (iSpatialiteVersion >=
                OGRSQLiteDataSource::MakeSpatialiteVersionNumber(3, 0, 0) &&
            !poGeomFieldDefn->IsNullable())
            osCommand += ", 1";
        osCommand += ")";
    }
    else
    {
        const char *pszGeomFormat =
            (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKT)   ? "WKT"
            : (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKB) ? "WKB"
            : (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_FGF) ? "FGF"
                                                           : "Spatialite";
        if (nSRSId > 0)
        {
            osCommand.Printf(
                "INSERT INTO geometry_columns "
                "(f_table_name, f_geometry_column, geometry_format, "
                "geometry_type, coord_dimension, srid) VALUES "
                "('%s','%s','%s', %d, %d, %d)",
                m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str(),
                pszGeomFormat, static_cast<int>(wkbFlatten(eType)), nCoordDim,
                nSRSId);
        }
        else
        {
            osCommand.Printf(
                "INSERT INTO geometry_columns "
                "(f_table_name, f_geometry_column, geometry_format, "
                "geometry_type, coord_dimension) VALUES "
                "('%s','%s','%s', %d, %d)",
                m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str(),
                pszGeomFormat, static_cast<int>(wkbFlatten(eType)), nCoordDim);
        }
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

    return SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osCommand);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     InitFieldListForRecrerate()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::InitFieldListForRecrerate(
    char *&pszNewFieldList, char *&pszFieldListForSelect, size_t &nBufLenOut,
    int nExtraSpace)
{
    size_t nFieldListLen = 100 + 2 * nExtraSpace;

    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);
        nFieldListLen += 2 * strlen(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef()) + 70;
        nFieldListLen += strlen(" UNIQUE");
        if (poFieldDefn->GetDefault() != nullptr)
            nFieldListLen += 10 + strlen(poFieldDefn->GetDefault());
    }

    nFieldListLen +=
        50 + (m_pszFIDColumn ? 2 * strlen(m_pszFIDColumn) : strlen("OGC_FID"));
    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
         iField++)
    {
        nFieldListLen +=
            70 +
            2 * strlen(m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
    }

    nBufLenOut = nFieldListLen;
    pszFieldListForSelect = static_cast<char *>(CPLCalloc(1, nFieldListLen));
    pszNewFieldList = static_cast<char *>(CPLCalloc(1, nFieldListLen));

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Build list of old fields, and the list of new fields.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    snprintf(pszFieldListForSelect, nFieldListLen, "\"%s\"",
             m_pszFIDColumn ? SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn).c_str()
                            : "OGC_FID");
    snprintf(pszNewFieldList, nFieldListLen, "\"%s\" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY",
             m_pszFIDColumn ? SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn).c_str()
                            : "OGC_FID");

    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
         iField++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
        strcat(pszFieldListForSelect, ",");
        strcat(pszNewFieldList, ",");

        strcat(pszFieldListForSelect, "\"");
        strcat(pszFieldListForSelect,
               SQLEscapeName(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()));
        strcat(pszFieldListForSelect, "\"");

        strcat(pszNewFieldList, "\"");
        strcat(pszNewFieldList, SQLEscapeName(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()));
        strcat(pszNewFieldList, "\"");

        if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKT)
            strcat(pszNewFieldList, " VARCHAR");
        else
            strcat(pszNewFieldList, " BLOB");
        if (!poGeomFieldDefn->IsNullable())
            strcat(pszNewFieldList, " NOT NULL");
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         AddColumnDef()                               */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::AddColumnDef(char *pszNewFieldList, size_t nBufLen,
                                       OGRFieldDefn *poFldDefn)
{
    snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
             nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), ", '%s' %s",
             SQLEscapeLiteral(poFldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str(),
             FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(poFldDefn).c_str());
    if (!poFldDefn->IsNullable())
        snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " NOT NULL");
    if (poFldDefn->IsUnique())
        snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " UNIQUE");
    if (poFldDefn->GetDefault() != nullptr &&
        !poFldDefn->IsDefaultDriverSpecific())
    {
        snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " DEFAULT %s",
                 poFldDefn->GetDefault());
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           RecreateTable()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::RecreateTable(const char *pszFieldListForSelect,
                                          const char *pszNewFieldList,
                                          const char *pszGenericErrorMessage,
                                          const char *pszAdditionalDef)
{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do this all in a transaction.                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    m_poDS->SoftStartTransaction();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Save existing related triggers and index                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    CPLString osSQL;

    osSQL.Printf("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN "
                 "('trigger','index') AND tbl_name='%s'",
                 m_pszEscapedTableName);

    int nRowTriggerIndexCount, nColTriggerIndexCount;
    char **papszTriggerIndexResult = nullptr;
    int rc = sqlite3_get_table(hDB, osSQL.c_str(), &papszTriggerIndexResult,
                               &nRowTriggerIndexCount, &nColTriggerIndexCount,
                               &pszErrMsg);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Make a backup of the table.                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
        rc = sqlite3_exec(
            hDB,
            CPLSPrintf("CREATE TABLE t1_back(%s %s)%s", pszNewFieldList,
                       pszAdditionalDef
                           ? (std::string(", ") + pszAdditionalDef).c_str()
                           : "",
                       m_bStrict ? " STRICT" : ""),
            nullptr, nullptr, &pszErrMsg);

    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
        rc = sqlite3_exec(hDB,
                          CPLSPrintf("INSERT INTO t1_back SELECT %s FROM '%s'",
                                     pszFieldListForSelect,
                                     m_pszEscapedTableName),
                          nullptr, nullptr, &pszErrMsg);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Drop the original table                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
        rc = sqlite3_exec(hDB,
                          CPLSPrintf("DROP TABLE '%s'", m_pszEscapedTableName),
                          nullptr, nullptr, &pszErrMsg);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Rename backup table as new table                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
    {
        const char *pszCmd = CPLSPrintf("ALTER TABLE t1_back RENAME TO '%s'",
                                        m_pszEscapedTableName);
        rc = sqlite3_exec(hDB, pszCmd, nullptr, nullptr, &pszErrMsg);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Recreate existing related tables, triggers and index            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i <= nRowTriggerIndexCount &&
                        nColTriggerIndexCount == 1 && rc == SQLITE_OK;
             i++)
        {
            if (papszTriggerIndexResult[i] != nullptr &&
                papszTriggerIndexResult[i][0] != '\0')
                rc = sqlite3_exec(hDB, papszTriggerIndexResult[i], nullptr,
                                  nullptr, &pszErrMsg);
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      COMMIT on success or ROLLBACK on failure.                       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    sqlite3_free_table(papszTriggerIndexResult);

    if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
    {
        m_poDS->SoftCommitTransaction();

        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }
    else
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s:\n %s",
                 pszGenericErrorMessage, pszErrMsg);
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);

        m_poDS->SoftRollbackTransaction();

        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             DeleteField()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::DeleteField(int iFieldToDelete)
{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "DeleteField");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (iFieldToDelete < 0 ||
        iFieldToDelete >= m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    ResetReading();

    if (m_poDS->SoftStartTransaction() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

        // ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN ... was first implemented in 3.35.0 but
        // there was bug fixes related to it until 3.35.5
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3035005L
    const char *pszFieldName =
        m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iFieldToDelete)->GetNameRef();
    OGRErr eErr = SQLCommand(
        m_poDS->GetDB(), CPLString()
                             .Printf("ALTER TABLE \"%s\" DROP COLUMN \"%s\"",
                                     SQLEscapeName(m_pszTableName).c_str(),
                                     SQLEscapeName(pszFieldName).c_str())
                             .c_str());
#else
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Build list of old fields, and the list of new fields.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char *pszNewFieldList = nullptr;
    char *pszFieldListForSelect = nullptr;
    size_t nBufLen = 0;

    InitFieldListForRecrerate(pszNewFieldList, pszFieldListForSelect, nBufLen);

    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        OGRFieldDefn *poFldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);

        if (iField == iFieldToDelete)
            continue;

        snprintf(pszFieldListForSelect + strlen(pszFieldListForSelect),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszFieldListForSelect), ", \"%s\"",
                 SQLEscapeName(poFldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

        AddColumnDef(pszNewFieldList, nBufLen, poFldDefn);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Recreate table.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osErrorMsg;
    osErrorMsg.Printf(
        "Failed to remove field %s from table %s",
        m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iFieldToDelete)->GetNameRef(),
        m_poFeatureDefn->GetName());

    OGRErr eErr = RecreateTable(pszFieldListForSelect, pszNewFieldList,
                                osErrorMsg.c_str());

    CPLFree(pszFieldListForSelect);
    CPLFree(pszNewFieldList);
#endif

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Check foreign key integrity if enforcement of foreign keys      */
    /*      constraint is enabled.                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE &&
        SQLGetInteger(m_poDS->GetDB(), "PRAGMA foreign_keys", nullptr))
    {
        CPLDebug("SQLite", "Running PRAGMA foreign_key_check");
        eErr = m_poDS->PragmaCheck("foreign_key_check", "", 0);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Finish                                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        eErr = m_poDS->SoftCommitTransaction();
        if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
        {

            // Keep the field definition alive until a new transaction is started
            // or the layer is destroyed.
            if (m_poDS->IsInTransaction())
            {
                std::unique_ptr<OGRFieldDefn> poFieldDefn;
                poFieldDefn = whileUnsealing(m_poFeatureDefn)
                                  ->StealFieldDefn(iFieldToDelete);
                if (poFieldDefn)
                {
                    m_apoFieldDefnChanges.emplace_back(
                        std::move(poFieldDefn), iFieldToDelete,
                        FieldChangeType::DELETE_FIELD,
                        m_poDS->GetCurrentSavepoint());
                }
                else
                {
                    eErr = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                eErr = whileUnsealing(m_poFeatureDefn)
                           ->DeleteFieldDefn(iFieldToDelete);
            }

            RecomputeOrdinals();

            ResetReading();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        m_poDS->SoftRollbackTransaction();
    }

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           AlterFieldDefn()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::AlterFieldDefn(int iFieldToAlter,
                                           OGRFieldDefn *poNewFieldDefn,
                                           int nFlagsIn)
{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "AlterFieldDefn");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (iFieldToAlter < 0 || iFieldToAlter >= m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    ClearInsertStmt();
    ResetReading();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Check that the new column name is not a duplicate.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefnToAlter =
        m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iFieldToAlter);
    const CPLString osOldColName(poFieldDefnToAlter->GetNameRef());
    const CPLString osNewColName((nFlagsIn & ALTER_NAME_FLAG)
                                     ? CPLString(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef())
                                     : osOldColName);

    const bool bRenameCol = osOldColName != osNewColName;
    if (bRenameCol)
    {
        if ((m_pszFIDColumn &&
             strcmp(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef(), m_pszFIDColumn) == 0) ||
            (GetGeomType() != wkbNone &&
             strcmp(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef(),
                    m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetNameRef()) == 0) ||
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldIndex(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef()) >= 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Field name %s is already used for another field",
                     poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Build the modified field definition from the flags.             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRFieldDefn oTmpFieldDefn(poFieldDefnToAlter);
    int nActualFlags = 0;
    if (bRenameCol)
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_NAME_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetName(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
    }
    if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_TYPE_FLAG) != 0 &&
        (poFieldDefnToAlter->GetType() != poNewFieldDefn->GetType() ||
         poFieldDefnToAlter->GetSubType() != poNewFieldDefn->GetSubType()))
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_TYPE_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetSubType(OFSTNone);
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetType(poNewFieldDefn->GetType());
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetSubType(poNewFieldDefn->GetSubType());
    }
    if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_WIDTH_PRECISION_FLAG) != 0 &&
        (poFieldDefnToAlter->GetWidth() != poNewFieldDefn->GetWidth() ||
         poFieldDefnToAlter->GetPrecision() != poNewFieldDefn->GetPrecision()))
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_WIDTH_PRECISION_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetWidth(poNewFieldDefn->GetWidth());
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetPrecision(poNewFieldDefn->GetPrecision());
    }
    if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_NULLABLE_FLAG) != 0 &&
        poFieldDefnToAlter->IsNullable() != poNewFieldDefn->IsNullable())
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_NULLABLE_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetNullable(poNewFieldDefn->IsNullable());
    }
    if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_DEFAULT_FLAG) != 0 &&
        !((poFieldDefnToAlter->GetDefault() == nullptr &&
           poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault() == nullptr) ||
          (poFieldDefnToAlter->GetDefault() != nullptr &&
           poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault() != nullptr &&
           strcmp(poFieldDefnToAlter->GetDefault(),
                  poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault()) == 0)))
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_DEFAULT_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetDefault(poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault());
    }
    if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_UNIQUE_FLAG) != 0 &&
        poFieldDefnToAlter->IsUnique() != poNewFieldDefn->IsUnique())
    {
        nActualFlags |= ALTER_UNIQUE_FLAG;
        oTmpFieldDefn.SetUnique(poNewFieldDefn->IsUnique());
    }

    if (nActualFlags == ALTER_NAME_FLAG)
    {
        CPLDebug("SQLite", "Running ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN");
        OGRErr eErr = SQLCommand(
            m_poDS->GetDB(),
            CPLString()
                .Printf("ALTER TABLE \"%s\" RENAME COLUMN \"%s\" TO \"%s\"",
                        SQLEscapeName(m_pszTableName).c_str(),
                        SQLEscapeName(osOldColName).c_str(),
                        SQLEscapeName(osNewColName).c_str())
                .c_str());

        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
            return eErr;
    }
    else
    {
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Build list of old fields, and the list of new fields. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        char *pszNewFieldList = nullptr;
        char *pszFieldListForSelect = nullptr;
        size_t nBufLen = 0;

        InitFieldListForRecrerate(
            pszNewFieldList, pszFieldListForSelect, nBufLen,
            static_cast<int>(strlen(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef())) + 50 +
                (poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault()
                     ? static_cast<int>(strlen(poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault()))
                     : 0));

        for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
             iField++)
        {
            OGRFieldDefn *poFldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);

            snprintf(pszFieldListForSelect + strlen(pszFieldListForSelect),
                     nBufLen - strlen(pszFieldListForSelect), ", \"%s\"",
                     SQLEscapeName(poFldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

            if (iField == iFieldToAlter)
            {
                snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                         nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), ", '%s' %s",
                         SQLEscapeLiteral(oTmpFieldDefn.GetNameRef()).c_str(),
                         FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(&oTmpFieldDefn).c_str());
                if ((nFlagsIn & ALTER_NAME_FLAG) &&
                    oTmpFieldDefn.GetType() == OFTString &&
                    CSLFindString(m_papszCompressedColumns,
                                  poFldDefn->GetNameRef()) >= 0)
                {
                    snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                             nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), "_deflate");
                }
                if (!oTmpFieldDefn.IsNullable())
                    snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                             nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " NOT NULL");
                if (oTmpFieldDefn.IsUnique())
                    snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                             nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " UNIQUE");
                if (oTmpFieldDefn.GetDefault())
                {
                    snprintf(pszNewFieldList + strlen(pszNewFieldList),
                             nBufLen - strlen(pszNewFieldList), " DEFAULT %s",
                             oTmpFieldDefn.GetDefault());
                }
            }
            else
            {
                AddColumnDef(pszNewFieldList, nBufLen, poFldDefn);
            }
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Recreate table. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        CPLString osErrorMsg;
        osErrorMsg.Printf(
            "Failed to alter field %s from table %s",
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iFieldToAlter)->GetNameRef(),
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetName());

        OGRErr eErr = RecreateTable(pszFieldListForSelect, pszNewFieldList,
                                    osErrorMsg.c_str());

        CPLFree(pszFieldListForSelect);
        CPLFree(pszNewFieldList);

        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
            return eErr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Finish                                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    auto oTemporaryUnsealer(m_poFeatureDefn->GetTemporaryUnsealer());
    OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iFieldToAlter);

    if (m_poDS->IsInTransaction())
    {
        m_apoFieldDefnChanges.emplace_back(
            std::make_unique<OGRFieldDefn>(poFieldDefn), iFieldToAlter,
            FieldChangeType::ALTER_FIELD, m_poDS->GetCurrentSavepoint());
    }

    if (nActualFlags & ALTER_TYPE_FLAG)
    {
        int iIdx = 0;
        if (poNewFieldDefn->GetType() != OFTString &&
            (iIdx = CSLFindString(m_papszCompressedColumns,
                                  poFieldDefn->GetNameRef())) >= 0)
        {
            m_papszCompressedColumns =
                CSLRemoveStrings(m_papszCompressedColumns, iIdx, 1, nullptr);
        }
        poFieldDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
        poFieldDefn->SetType(poNewFieldDefn->GetType());
        poFieldDefn->SetSubType(poNewFieldDefn->GetSubType());
    }
    if (nActualFlags & ALTER_NAME_FLAG)
    {
        const int iIdx =
            CSLFindString(m_papszCompressedColumns, poFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
        if (iIdx >= 0)
        {
            CPLFree(m_papszCompressedColumns[iIdx]);
            m_papszCompressedColumns[iIdx] =
                CPLStrdup(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
        }
        poFieldDefn->SetName(poNewFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
    }
    if (nActualFlags & ALTER_WIDTH_PRECISION_FLAG)
    {
        poFieldDefn->SetWidth(poNewFieldDefn->GetWidth());
        poFieldDefn->SetPrecision(poNewFieldDefn->GetPrecision());
    }
    if (nActualFlags & ALTER_NULLABLE_FLAG)
        poFieldDefn->SetNullable(poNewFieldDefn->IsNullable());
    if (nActualFlags & ALTER_DEFAULT_FLAG)
        poFieldDefn->SetDefault(poNewFieldDefn->GetDefault());

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     AddForeignKeysToTable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::AddForeignKeysToTable(const char *pszKeys)
{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "AddForeignKeysToTable");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    ClearInsertStmt();
    ResetReading();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Build list of old fields, and the list of new fields.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char *pszNewFieldList = nullptr;
    char *pszFieldListForSelect = nullptr;
    size_t nBufLen = 0;

    InitFieldListForRecrerate(pszNewFieldList, pszFieldListForSelect, nBufLen,
                              0);

    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        OGRFieldDefn *poFldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);

        snprintf(pszFieldListForSelect + strlen(pszFieldListForSelect),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszFieldListForSelect), ", \"%s\"",
                 SQLEscapeName(poFldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

        AddColumnDef(pszNewFieldList, nBufLen, poFldDefn);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Recreate table.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osErrorMsg;
    osErrorMsg.Printf("Failed to add foreign keys to table %s",
                      m_poFeatureDefn->GetName());

    OGRErr eErr = RecreateTable(pszFieldListForSelect, pszNewFieldList,
                                osErrorMsg.c_str(), pszKeys);

    CPLFree(pszFieldListForSelect);
    CPLFree(pszNewFieldList);

    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        return eErr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Finish                                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReorderFields()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ReorderFields(int *panMap)
{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "ReorderFields");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount() == 0)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    OGRErr eErr = OGRCheckPermutation(panMap, m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount());
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        return eErr;

    ClearInsertStmt();
    ResetReading();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Build list of old fields, and the list of new fields.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char *pszNewFieldList = nullptr;
    char *pszFieldListForSelect = nullptr;
    size_t nBufLen = 0;

    InitFieldListForRecrerate(pszNewFieldList, pszFieldListForSelect, nBufLen);

    for (int iField = 0; iField < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        OGRFieldDefn *poFldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(panMap[iField]);

        snprintf(pszFieldListForSelect + strlen(pszFieldListForSelect),
                 nBufLen - strlen(pszFieldListForSelect), ", \"%s\"",
                 SQLEscapeName(poFldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());

        AddColumnDef(pszNewFieldList, nBufLen, poFldDefn);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Recreate table.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osErrorMsg;
    osErrorMsg.Printf("Failed to reorder fields from table %s",
                      m_poFeatureDefn->GetName());

    eErr = RecreateTable(pszFieldListForSelect, pszNewFieldList,
                         osErrorMsg.c_str());

    CPLFree(pszFieldListForSelect);
    CPLFree(pszNewFieldList);

    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        return eErr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Finish                                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    eErr = whileUnsealing(m_poFeatureDefn)->ReorderFieldDefns(panMap);

    RecomputeOrdinals();

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             BindValues()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/* the bBindNullValues is set to TRUE by SetFeature() for UPDATE statements, */
/* and to FALSE by CreateFeature() for INSERT statements; */

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::BindValues(OGRFeature *poFeature,
                                       sqlite3_stmt *m_hStmtIn,
                                       bool bBindUnsetAsNull)
{
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Bind the geometry                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nBindField = 1;
    int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
        OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat = poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat;
        if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_FGF)
            continue;
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iField);
        int rc = SQLITE_OK;
        if (poGeom != nullptr)
        {
            if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKT)
            {
                char *pszWKT = nullptr;
                poGeom->exportToWkt(&pszWKT);
                rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pszWKT, -1,
                                       CPLFree);
            }
            else if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKB)
            {
                const size_t nWKBLen = poGeom->WkbSize();
                if (nWKBLen >
                    static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                             "Too large geometry");
                    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
                }
                GByte *pabyWKB =
                    static_cast<GByte *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nWKBLen));
                if (pabyWKB)
                {
                    poGeom->exportToWkb(wkbNDR, pabyWKB);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pabyWKB,
                                           static_cast<int>(nWKBLen), CPLFree);
                }
                else
                {
                    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
                }
            }
            else if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_SpatiaLite)
            {
                int nBLOBLen = 0;
                GByte *pabySLBLOB = nullptr;

                const int nSRSId = poGeomFieldDefn->m_nSRSId;
                CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(ExportSpatiaLiteGeometry(
                    poGeom, nSRSId, wkbNDR, m_bSpatialite2D, m_bUseComprGeom,
                    &pabySLBLOB, &nBLOBLen));
                rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pabySLBLOB,
                                       nBLOBLen, CPLFree);
            }
            else
            {
                rc = SQLITE_OK;
                CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(rc);
                CPLAssert(false);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            rc = sqlite3_bind_null(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++);
        }

        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "sqlite3_bind_blob/text() failed:\n  %s",
                     sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Bind field values.                                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        if (iField == m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex)
            continue;
        if (!bBindUnsetAsNull && !poFeature->IsFieldSet(iField))
            continue;

        int rc = SQLITE_OK;

        if ((bBindUnsetAsNull && !poFeature->IsFieldSet(iField)) ||
            poFeature->IsFieldNull(iField))
        {
            rc = sqlite3_bind_null(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++);
        }
        else
        {
            const OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefnUnsafe(iField);
            switch (poFieldDefn->GetType())
            {
                case OFTInteger:
                {
                    int nFieldVal = poFeature->GetFieldAsIntegerUnsafe(iField);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_int(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, nFieldVal);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTInteger64:
                {
                    GIntBig nFieldVal =
                        poFeature->GetFieldAsInteger64Unsafe(iField);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, nFieldVal);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTReal:
                {
                    double dfFieldVal =
                        poFeature->GetFieldAsDoubleUnsafe(iField);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_double(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++,
                                             dfFieldVal);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTBinary:
                {
                    int nDataLength = 0;
                    GByte *pabyData =
                        poFeature->GetFieldAsBinary(iField, &nDataLength);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pabyData,
                                           nDataLength, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTDateTime:
                {
                    char *pszStr =
                        OGRGetXMLDateTime(poFeature->GetRawFieldRef(iField));
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pszStr, -1,
                                           SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    CPLFree(pszStr);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTDate:
                {
                    int nYear = 0;
                    int nMonth = 0;
                    int nDay = 0;
                    int nHour = 0;
                    int nMinute = 0;
                    int nSecond = 0;
                    int nTZ = 0;
                    poFeature->GetFieldAsDateTime(iField, &nYear, &nMonth,
                                                  &nDay, &nHour, &nMinute,
                                                  &nSecond, &nTZ);
                    char szBuffer[64];
                    snprintf(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), "%04d-%02d-%02d",
                             nYear, nMonth, nDay);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, szBuffer,
                                           -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTTime:
                {
                    int nYear = 0;
                    int nMonth = 0;
                    int nDay = 0;
                    int nHour = 0;
                    int nMinute = 0;
                    int nTZ = 0;
                    float fSecond = 0.0f;
                    poFeature->GetFieldAsDateTime(iField, &nYear, &nMonth,
                                                  &nDay, &nHour, &nMinute,
                                                  &fSecond, &nTZ);
                    char szBuffer[64];
                    if (OGR_GET_MS(fSecond) != 0)
                        snprintf(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), "%02d:%02d:%06.3f",
                                 nHour, nMinute, fSecond);
                    else
                        snprintf(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), "%02d:%02d:%02d",
                                 nHour, nMinute, static_cast<int>(fSecond));
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, szBuffer,
                                           -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    break;
                }

                case OFTStringList:
                case OFTIntegerList:
                case OFTInteger64List:
                case OFTRealList:
                {
                    char *pszJSon = poFeature->GetFieldAsSerializedJSon(iField);
                    rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pszJSon, -1,
                                           SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    CPLFree(pszJSon);
                    break;
                }

                default:
                {
                    const char *pszRawValue =
                        poFeature->GetFieldAsString(iField);
                    if (CSLFindString(m_papszCompressedColumns,
                                      m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)
                                          ->GetNameRef()) >= 0)
                    {
                        size_t nBytesOut = 0;
                        void *pOut =
                            CPLZLibDeflate(pszRawValue, strlen(pszRawValue), -1,
                                           nullptr, 0, &nBytesOut);
                        if (pOut != nullptr)
                        {
                            rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(
                                m_hStmtIn, nBindField++, pOut,
                                static_cast<int>(nBytesOut), CPLFree);
                        }
                        else
                            rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        rc = sqlite3_bind_text(m_hStmtIn, nBindField++,
                                               pszRawValue, -1,
                                               SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "sqlite3_bind_() for column %s failed:\n  %s",
                     m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef(),
                     sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ISetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ISetFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (m_pszFIDColumn == nullptr)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "SetFeature() without any FID column.");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (poFeature->GetFID() == OGRNullFID)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "SetFeature() with unset FID fails.");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "SetFeature");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* In case the FID column has also been created as a regular field */
    if (m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex >= 0)
    {
        if (!poFeature->IsFieldSetAndNotNull(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex) ||
            poFeature->GetFieldAsInteger64(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex) !=
                poFeature->GetFID())
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Inconsistent values of FID and field of same name");
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    if (m_bDeferredCreation && RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    int bNeedComma = false;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Form the UPDATE command.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osCommand = CPLSPrintf("UPDATE '%s' SET ", m_pszEscapedTableName);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add geometry field name.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->m_eGeomFormat;
        if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_FGF)
            continue;
        if (bNeedComma)
            osCommand += ",";

        osCommand += "\"";
        osCommand += SQLEscapeName(
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
        osCommand += "\" = ?";

        bNeedComma = true;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add field names.                                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        if (iField == m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex)
            continue;
        if (!poFeature->IsFieldSet(iField))
            continue;
        if (bNeedComma)
            osCommand += ",";

        osCommand += "\"";
        osCommand +=
            SQLEscapeName(m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
        osCommand += "\" = ?";

        bNeedComma = true;
    }

    if (!bNeedComma)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Merge final command.                                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    osCommand += " WHERE \"";
    osCommand += SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn);
    osCommand += CPLSPrintf("\" = " CPL_FRMT_GIB, poFeature->GetFID());

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Prepare the statement.                                          */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE
    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "prepare_v2(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

    sqlite3_stmt *hUpdateStmt = nullptr;
    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, osCommand, -1, &hUpdateStmt, nullptr);

    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "In SetFeature(): sqlite3_prepare_v2(%s):\n  %s",
                 osCommand.c_str(), sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));

        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Bind values.                                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRErr eErr = BindValues(poFeature, hUpdateStmt, false);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        sqlite3_finalize(hUpdateStmt);
        return eErr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Execute the update.                                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    rc = sqlite3_step(hUpdateStmt);

    if (rc != SQLITE_OK && rc != SQLITE_DONE)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "sqlite3_step() failed:\n  %s",
                 sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));

        sqlite3_finalize(hUpdateStmt);
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    sqlite3_finalize(hUpdateStmt);

    eErr =
        (sqlite3_changes(hDB) > 0) ? OGRERR_NONE : OGRERR_NON_EXISTING_FEATURE;
    if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
            OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iField);
            if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid && poGeom != nullptr &&
                !poGeom->IsEmpty())
            {
                OGREnvelope sGeomEnvelope;
                poGeom->getEnvelope(&sGeomEnvelope);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.Merge(sGeomEnvelope);
            }
        }
        ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
    }

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          AreTriggersSimilar                          */
/************************************************************************/

static int AreTriggersSimilar(const char *pszExpectedTrigger,
                              const char *pszTriggerSQL)
{
    int i = 0;  // Used after for.
    for (; pszTriggerSQL[i] != '\0' && pszExpectedTrigger[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {
        if (pszTriggerSQL[i] == pszExpectedTrigger[i])
            continue;
        if (pszTriggerSQL[i] == '\n' && pszExpectedTrigger[i] == ' ')
            continue;
        if (pszTriggerSQL[i] == ' ' && pszExpectedTrigger[i] == '\n')
            continue;
        return FALSE;
    }
    return pszTriggerSQL[i] == '\0' && pszExpectedTrigger[i] == '\0';
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ICreateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ICreateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    CPLString osCommand;
    bool bNeedComma = false;

    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "CreateFeature");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (m_bDeferredCreation && RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    // For speed-up, disable Spatialite triggers that :
    // * check the geometry type
    // * update the last_insert columns in geometry_columns_time and the spatial
    // index We do that only if there's no spatial index currently active We'll
    // check ourselves the first constraint and update last_insert at layer
    // closing
    if (!m_bHasCheckedTriggers && m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() &&
        m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount() > 0)
    {
        m_bHasCheckedTriggers = true;

        char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;

        // Backup INSERT ON triggers
        int nRowCount = 0, nColCount = 0;
        char **papszResult = nullptr;
        char *pszSQL3 =
            sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT name, sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE "
                            "tbl_name = '%q' AND type = 'trigger' AND (name "
                            "LIKE 'ggi_%%' OR name LIKE 'tmi_%%')",
                            m_pszTableName);
        sqlite3_get_table(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL3, &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                          &nColCount, &pszErrMsg);
        sqlite3_free(pszSQL3);

        if (pszErrMsg)
            sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
        pszErrMsg = nullptr;

        for (int j = 0; j < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); j++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(j);
            if (!((m_bDeferredSpatialIndexCreation ||
                   !poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex)))
                continue;
            const char *pszGeomCol = poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef();

            for (int i = 0; i < nRowCount; i++)
            {
                const char *pszTriggerName = papszResult[2 * (i + 1) + 0];
                const char *pszTriggerSQL = papszResult[2 * (i + 1) + 1];
                if (pszTriggerName != nullptr && pszTriggerSQL != nullptr &&
                    CPLString(pszTriggerName)
                            .tolower()
                            .find(CPLString(pszGeomCol).tolower()) !=
                        std::string::npos)
                {
                    const char *pszExpectedTrigger = nullptr;
                    if (STARTS_WITH(pszTriggerName, "ggi_"))
                    {
                        pszExpectedTrigger = CPLSPrintf(
                            "CREATE TRIGGER \"ggi_%s_%s\" BEFORE INSERT ON "
                            "\"%s\" "
                            "FOR EACH ROW BEGIN "
                            "SELECT RAISE(ROLLBACK, '%s.%s violates Geometry "
                            "constraint [geom-type or SRID not allowed]') "
                            "WHERE (SELECT geometry_type FROM geometry_columns "
                            "WHERE Lower(f_table_name) = Lower('%s') AND "
                            "Lower(f_geometry_column) = Lower('%s') "
                            "AND GeometryConstraints(NEW.\"%s\", "
                            "geometry_type, srid) = 1) IS NULL; "
                            "END",
                            m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol, m_pszTableName,
                            m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol, m_pszTableName,
                            pszGeomCol, pszGeomCol);
                    }
                    else if (STARTS_WITH(pszTriggerName, "tmi_"))
                    {
                        pszExpectedTrigger = CPLSPrintf(
                            "CREATE TRIGGER \"tmi_%s_%s\" AFTER INSERT ON "
                            "\"%s\" "
                            "FOR EACH ROW BEGIN "
                            "UPDATE geometry_columns_time SET last_insert = "
                            "strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%dT%%H:%%M:%%fZ', 'now') "
                            "WHERE Lower(f_table_name) = Lower('%s') AND "
                            "Lower(f_geometry_column) = Lower('%s'); "
                            "END",
                            m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol, m_pszTableName,
                            m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol);
                    }
                    /* Cannot happen due to the tests that lead to that code
                     * path */
                    /* that check there's no spatial index active */
                    /* A further potential optimization would be to rebuild the
                     * spatial index */
                    /* afterwards... */
                    /*else if( STARTS_WITH(pszTriggerName, "gii_") )
                    {
                        pszExpectedTrigger = CPLSPrintf(
                        "CREATE TRIGGER \"gii_%s_%s\" AFTER INSERT ON \"%s\" "
                        "FOR EACH ROW BEGIN "
                        "UPDATE geometry_columns_time SET last_insert =
                    strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%dT%%H:%%M:%%fZ', 'now') " "WHERE
                    Lower(f_table_name) = Lower('%s') AND
                    Lower(f_geometry_column) = Lower('%s'); " "DELETE FROM
                    \"idx_%s_%s\" WHERE pkid=NEW.ROWID; " "SELECT
                    RTreeAlign('idx_%s_%s', NEW.ROWID, NEW.\"%s\"); " "END",
                        m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol, m_pszTableName,
                        m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol,
                        m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol,
                        m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol, pszGeomCol);
                    }*/

                    if (pszExpectedTrigger != nullptr &&
                        AreTriggersSimilar(pszExpectedTrigger, pszTriggerSQL))
                    {
                        // And drop them
                        pszSQL3 =
                            sqlite3_mprintf("DROP TRIGGER %s", pszTriggerName);
                        int rc = sqlite3_exec(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL3, nullptr,
                                              nullptr, &pszErrMsg);
                        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
                            CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Error %s",
                                     pszErrMsg ? pszErrMsg : "");
                        else
                        {
                            CPLDebug("SQLite", "Dropping trigger %s",
                                     pszTriggerName);
                            poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers.push_back(
                                std::pair<CPLString, CPLString>(pszTriggerName,
                                                                pszTriggerSQL));
                        }
                        sqlite3_free(pszSQL3);
                        if (pszErrMsg)
                            sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
                        pszErrMsg = nullptr;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLDebug("SQLite",
                                 "Cannot drop %s trigger. Doesn't match "
                                 "expected definition",
                                 pszTriggerName);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
    }

    ResetReading();

    for (int j = 0; j < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); j++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(j);
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(j);
        if (!poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers.empty() &&
            poGeom != nullptr)
        {
            OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType = poGeomFieldDefn->GetType();
            if (eGeomType != wkbUnknown &&
                poGeom->getGeometryType() != eGeomType)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Cannot insert feature with geometry of type %s%s in "
                         "column %s. Type %s%s expected",
                         OGRToOGCGeomType(poGeom->getGeometryType()),
                         (wkbFlatten(poGeom->getGeometryType()) !=
                          poGeom->getGeometryType())
                             ? "Z"
                             : "",
                         poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef(),
                         OGRToOGCGeomType(eGeomType),
                         (wkbFlatten(eGeomType) != eGeomType) ? "Z" : "");
                return OGRERR_FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

    int bReuseStmt = false;

    /* If there's a unset field with a default value, then we must create */
    /* a specific INSERT statement to avoid unset fields to be bound to NULL */
    bool bHasDefaultValue = false;
    int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        if (!poFeature->IsFieldSet(iField) &&
            poFeature->GetFieldDefnRef(iField)->GetDefault() != nullptr)
        {
            bHasDefaultValue = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    /* In case the FID column has also been created as a regular field */
    if (m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex >= 0)
    {
        if (poFeature->GetFID() == OGRNullFID)
        {
            if (poFeature->IsFieldSetAndNotNull(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex))
            {
                poFeature->SetFID(
                    poFeature->GetFieldAsInteger64(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (!poFeature->IsFieldSetAndNotNull(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex) ||
                poFeature->GetFieldAsInteger64(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex) !=
                    poFeature->GetFID())
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Inconsistent values of FID and field of same name");
                return OGRERR_FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

    int bTemporaryStatement =
        (poFeature->GetFID() != OGRNullFID || bHasDefaultValue);
    if (m_hInsertStmt == nullptr || bTemporaryStatement)
    {
        CPLString osValues;

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Form the INSERT command. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        osCommand += CPLSPrintf("INSERT INTO '%s' (", m_pszEscapedTableName);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Add FID if we have a cleartext FID column. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (m_pszFIDColumn != nullptr && poFeature->GetFID() != OGRNullFID)
        {
            osCommand += "\"";
            osCommand += SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn);
            osCommand += "\"";

            osValues += CPLSPrintf(CPL_FRMT_GIB, poFeature->GetFID());
            bNeedComma = true;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Add geometry. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFormat eGeomFormat =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->m_eGeomFormat;
            if (eGeomFormat == OSGF_FGF)
                continue;
            if (bHasDefaultValue &&
                poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iField) == nullptr)
                continue;
            if (bNeedComma)
            {
                osCommand += ",";
                osValues += ",";
            }

            osCommand += "\"";
            osCommand += SQLEscapeName(
                m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            osCommand += "\"";

            osValues += "?";

            bNeedComma = true;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Add field values. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount();
        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
        {
            if (iField == m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex)
                continue;
            if (bHasDefaultValue && !poFeature->IsFieldSet(iField))
                continue;

            if (bNeedComma)
            {
                osCommand += ",";
                osValues += ",";
            }

            osCommand += "\"";
            osCommand += SQLEscapeName(
                m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            osCommand += "\"";

            osValues += "?";

            bNeedComma = true;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Merge final command. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        osCommand += ") VALUES (";
        osCommand += osValues;
        osCommand += ")";

        if (bNeedComma == false)
            osCommand = CPLSPrintf("INSERT INTO '%s' DEFAULT VALUES",
                                   m_pszEscapedTableName);
    }
    else
    {
        bReuseStmt = true;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Prepare the statement.                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!bReuseStmt &&
        (m_hInsertStmt == nullptr || osCommand != m_osLastInsertStmt))
    {
#ifdef DEBUG
        CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "prepare_v2(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

        ClearInsertStmt();
        if (poFeature->GetFID() == OGRNullFID)
            m_osLastInsertStmt = osCommand;

        const int rc =
            sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, osCommand, -1, &m_hInsertStmt, nullptr);
        if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "In CreateFeature(): sqlite3_prepare_v2(%s):\n  %s",
                     osCommand.c_str(), sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));

            ClearInsertStmt();
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Bind values.                                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRErr eErr = BindValues(poFeature, m_hInsertStmt, !bHasDefaultValue);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        sqlite3_reset(m_hInsertStmt);
        return eErr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Execute the insert.                                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const int rc = sqlite3_step(m_hInsertStmt);

    if (rc != SQLITE_OK && rc != SQLITE_DONE)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "sqlite3_step() failed:\n  %s (%d)", sqlite3_errmsg(hDB), rc);
        sqlite3_reset(m_hInsertStmt);
        ClearInsertStmt();
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Capture the FID/rowid.                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const sqlite_int64 nFID = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(hDB);
    if (nFID > 0)
    {
        poFeature->SetFID(nFID);
        if (m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex >= 0)
            poFeature->SetField(m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex, nFID);
    }

    sqlite3_reset(m_hInsertStmt);

    if (bTemporaryStatement)
        ClearInsertStmt();

    nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iField);

        if ((poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid || m_nFeatureCount == 0) &&
            poGeom != nullptr && !poGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGREnvelope sGeomEnvelope;
            poGeom->getEnvelope(&sGeomEnvelope);
            poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.Merge(sGeomEnvelope);
            poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = true;
            ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
        }
    }

    if (m_nFeatureCount >= 0)
    {
        ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
        m_nFeatureCount++;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           DeleteFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::DeleteFeature(GIntBig nFID)

{
    CPLString osSQL;

    if (HasLayerDefnError())
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (m_pszFIDColumn == nullptr)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                 "Can't delete feature on a layer without FID column.");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (!m_poDS->GetUpdate())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, UNSUPPORTED_OP_READ_ONLY,
                 "DeleteFeature");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    if (m_bDeferredCreation && RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    ResetReading();

    osSQL.Printf("DELETE FROM '%s' WHERE \"%s\" = " CPL_FRMT_GIB,
                 m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn).c_str(),
                 nFID);

    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osSQL.c_str());

    if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osSQL) != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    OGRErr eErr = (sqlite3_changes(m_poDS->GetDB()) > 0)
                      ? OGRERR_NONE
                      : OGRERR_NON_EXISTING_FEATURE;
    if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        int nFieldCount = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
            poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = false;
        }
        m_nFeatureCount--;
        ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
    }

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CreateSpatialIndex()                         */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRSQLiteTableLayer::CreateSpatialIndex(int iGeomCol)
{
    CPLString osCommand;

    if (m_bDeferredCreation)
        RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary();

    if (iGeomCol < 0 || iGeomCol >= m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount())
        return FALSE;

    osCommand.Printf(
        "SELECT CreateSpatialIndex('%s', '%s')", m_pszEscapedTableName,
        SQLEscapeLiteral(
            m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol)->GetNameRef())
            .c_str());

    char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
#ifdef DEBUG
    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif
    int rc = sqlite3_exec(hDB, osCommand, nullptr, nullptr, &pszErrMsg);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Unable to create spatial index:\n%s", pszErrMsg);
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
        return FALSE;
    }

    m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol)->m_bHasSpatialIndex = true;
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary()                */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRSQLiteTableLayer::RunDeferredCreationIfNecessary()
{
    if (!m_bDeferredCreation)
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    m_bDeferredCreation = false;

    CPLString osCommand;

    osCommand.Printf(
        "CREATE TABLE '%s' ( \"%s\" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT",
        m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeName(m_pszFIDColumn).c_str());

    if (!m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB())
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); i++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(i);

            if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_eGeomFormat == OSGF_WKT)
            {
                osCommand += CPLSPrintf(
                    ", '%s' VARCHAR",
                    SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
            }
            else
            {
                osCommand += CPLSPrintf(
                    ", '%s' BLOB",
                    SQLEscapeLiteral(poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str());
            }
            if (!poGeomFieldDefn->IsNullable())
            {
                osCommand += " NOT NULL";
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldCount(); i++)
    {
        OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldDefn(i);
        if (i == m_iFIDAsRegularColumnIndex)
            continue;
        CPLString osFieldType(FieldDefnToSQliteFieldDefn(poFieldDefn));
        osCommand += CPLSPrintf(
            ", '%s' %s", SQLEscapeLiteral(poFieldDefn->GetNameRef()).c_str(),
            osFieldType.c_str());
        if (!poFieldDefn->IsNullable())
        {
            osCommand += " NOT NULL";
        }
        if (poFieldDefn->IsUnique())
        {
            osCommand += " UNIQUE";
        }
        const char *pszDefault = poFieldDefn->GetDefault();
        if (pszDefault != nullptr &&
            (!poFieldDefn->IsDefaultDriverSpecific() ||
             (pszDefault[0] == '(' &&
              pszDefault[strlen(pszDefault) - 1] == ')' &&
              (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszDefault + 1, "strftime") ||
               STARTS_WITH_CI(pszDefault + 1, " strftime")))))
        {
            osCommand += " DEFAULT ";
            osCommand += poFieldDefn->GetDefault();
        }
    }
    osCommand += ")";
    if (m_bStrict)
        osCommand += " STRICT";

#ifdef DEBUG
    CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif

    if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osCommand) != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Eventually we should be adding this table to a table of         */
    /*      "geometric layers", capturing the WKT projection, and           */
    /*      perhaps some other housekeeping.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_poDS->HasGeometryColumns())
    {
        /* Sometimes there is an old cruft entry in the geometry_columns
         * table if things were not properly cleaned up before.  We make
         * an effort to clean out such cruft.
         */
        osCommand.Printf(
            "DELETE FROM geometry_columns WHERE f_table_name = '%s'",
            m_pszEscapedTableName);

#ifdef DEBUG
        CPLDebug("OGR_SQLITE", "exec(%s)", osCommand.c_str());
#endif
        if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), osCommand) != OGRERR_NONE)
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;

        for (int i = 0; i < m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); i++)
        {
            OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(i);
            if (RunAddGeometryColumn(poGeomFieldDefn, false) != OGRERR_NONE)
                return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    if (RecomputeOrdinals() != OGRERR_NONE)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    if (m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() && m_poDS->GetLayerCount() == 1)
    {
        /* To create the layer_statistics and spatialite_history tables */
        if (SQLCommand(m_poDS->GetDB(), "SELECT UpdateLayerStatistics()") !=
            OGRERR_NONE)
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           HasSpatialIndex()                          */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRSQLiteTableLayer::HasSpatialIndex(int iGeomCol)
{
    GetLayerDefn();
    if (iGeomCol < 0 || iGeomCol >= m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount())
        return false;
    OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol);

    CreateSpatialIndexIfNecessary();

    return poGeomFieldDefn->m_bHasSpatialIndex;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          InitFeatureCount()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::InitFeatureCount()
{
    m_nFeatureCount = 0;
    ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                 InvalidateCachedFeatureCountAndExtent()              */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::InvalidateCachedFeatureCountAndExtent()
{
    m_nFeatureCount = -1;
    for (int iGeomCol = 0; iGeomCol < GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount();
         iGeomCol++)
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomCol)->m_bCachedExtentIsValid =
            false;
    ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     DoStatisticsNeedToBeFlushed()                    */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRSQLiteTableLayer::DoStatisticsNeedToBeFlushed()
{
    return m_bStatisticsNeedsToBeFlushed && m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() &&
           m_poDS->IsSpatialiteLoaded();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed()                     */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::ForceStatisticsToBeFlushed()
{
    m_bStatisticsNeedsToBeFlushed = true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         AreStatisticsValid()                         */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRSQLiteTableLayer::AreStatisticsValid()
{
    return m_nFeatureCount >= 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     LoadStatisticsSpatialite4DB()                    */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::LoadStatisticsSpatialite4DB()
{
    for (int iCol = 0; iCol < GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount(); iCol++)
    {
        OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
            m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(iCol);
        const char *pszGeomCol = poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef();

        CPLString osSQL;
        CPLString osLastEvtDate;
        osSQL.Printf(
            "SELECT MAX(last_insert, last_update, last_delete) FROM "
            "geometry_columns_time WHERE "
            "(f_table_name = lower('%s') AND f_geometry_column = lower('%s'))"
#ifdef WORKAROUND_SQLITE3_BUGS
            " OR 0"
#endif
            ,
            m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str());

        sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
        int nRowCount = 0;
        int nColCount = 0;
        char **papszResult = nullptr;

        sqlite3_get_table(hDB, osSQL.c_str(), &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                          &nColCount, nullptr);

        /* Make it a Unix timestamp */
        int nYear = 0;
        int nMonth = 0;
        int nDay = 0;
        char chSep = 0;
        int nHour = 0;
        int nMinute = 0;
        float fSecond = 0.0f;
        if (nRowCount == 1 && nColCount == 1 && papszResult[1] != nullptr &&
            sscanf(papszResult[1], "%04d-%02d-%02d%c%02d:%02d:%f", &nYear,
                   &nMonth, &nDay, &chSep, &nHour, &nMinute, &fSecond) == 7)
        {
            osLastEvtDate = papszResult[1];
        }

        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        papszResult = nullptr;

        if (osLastEvtDate.empty())
            return;

        osSQL.Printf(
            "SELECT last_verified, row_count, extent_min_x, extent_min_y, "
            "extent_max_x, extent_max_y FROM geometry_columns_statistics WHERE "
            "(f_table_name = lower('%s') AND f_geometry_column = lower('%s'))"
#ifdef WORKAROUND_SQLITE3_BUGS
            " OR 0"
#endif
            ,
            m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str());

        nRowCount = 0;
        nColCount = 0;
        sqlite3_get_table(hDB, osSQL.c_str(), &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                          &nColCount, nullptr);

        if (nRowCount == 1 && nColCount == 6 && papszResult[6] != nullptr &&
            sscanf(papszResult[6], "%04d-%02d-%02d%c%02d:%02d:%f", &nYear,
                   &nMonth, &nDay, &chSep, &nHour, &nMinute, &fSecond) == 7)
        {
            CPLString osLastVerified(papszResult[6]);

            /* Check that the information in geometry_columns_statistics is more
             */
            /* recent than geometry_columns_time */
            if (osLastVerified.compare(osLastEvtDate) > 0)
            {
                char **papszRow = papszResult + 6;
                const char *pszRowCount = papszRow[1];
                const char *pszMinX = papszRow[2];
                const char *pszMinY = papszRow[3];
                const char *pszMaxX = papszRow[4];
                const char *pszMaxY = papszRow[5];

                CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Loading statistics for %s,%s",
                         m_pszTableName, pszGeomCol);

                if (pszRowCount != nullptr)
                {
                    m_nFeatureCount = CPLAtoGIntBig(pszRowCount);
                    if (m_nFeatureCount == 0)
                    {
                        m_nFeatureCount = -1;
                        pszMinX = nullptr;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLDebug("SQLITE",
                                 "Layer %s feature count : " CPL_FRMT_GIB,
                                 m_pszTableName, m_nFeatureCount);
                    }
                }

                if (pszMinX != nullptr && pszMinY != nullptr &&
                    pszMaxX != nullptr && pszMaxY != nullptr)
                {
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = true;
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinX = CPLAtof(pszMinX);
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinY = CPLAtof(pszMinY);
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxX = CPLAtof(pszMaxX);
                    poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxY = CPLAtof(pszMaxY);
                    CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Layer %s extent : %s,%s,%s,%s",
                             m_pszTableName, pszMinX, pszMinY, pszMaxX,
                             pszMaxY);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                CPLDebug("SQLite", "Statistics in %s is not up-to-date",
                         m_pszTableName);
            }
        }

        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        papszResult = nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          LoadStatistics()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::LoadStatistics()
{
    if (!m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() || !m_poDS->IsSpatialiteLoaded())
        return;

    if (m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout())
    {
        LoadStatisticsSpatialite4DB();
        return;
    }

    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() != 1)
        return;
    const char *pszGeomCol = m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetNameRef();

    GIntBig nFileTimestamp = m_poDS->GetFileTimestamp();
    if (nFileTimestamp == 0)
        return;

    /* Find the most recent event in the 'spatialite_history' that is */
    /* a UpdateLayerStatistics event on all tables and geometry columns */
    CPLString osSQL;
    osSQL.Printf("SELECT MAX(timestamp) FROM spatialite_history WHERE "
                 "((table_name = '%s' AND geometry_column = '%s') OR "
                 "(table_name = 'ALL-TABLES' AND geometry_column = "
                 "'ALL-GEOMETRY-COLUMNS')) AND "
                 "event = 'UpdateLayerStatistics'",
                 m_pszEscapedTableName, SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str());

    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    int nRowCount = 0, nColCount = 0;
    char **papszResult = nullptr, *pszErrMsg = nullptr;

    sqlite3_get_table(hDB, osSQL.c_str(), &papszResult, &nRowCount, &nColCount,
                      &pszErrMsg);

    /* Make it a Unix timestamp */
    int nYear, nMonth, nDay, nHour, nMinute, nSecond;
    struct tm brokendown;
    GIntBig nTS = -1;
    if (nRowCount >= 1 && nColCount == 1 && papszResult[1] != nullptr &&
        sscanf(papszResult[1], "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d", &nYear, &nMonth,
               &nDay, &nHour, &nMinute, &nSecond) == 6)
    {
        brokendown.tm_year = nYear - 1900;
        brokendown.tm_mon = nMonth - 1;
        brokendown.tm_mday = nDay;
        brokendown.tm_hour = nHour;
        brokendown.tm_min = nMinute;
        brokendown.tm_sec = nSecond;
        nTS = CPLYMDHMSToUnixTime(&brokendown);
    }

    /* If it is equal to the modified timestamp of the DB (as a file) */
    /* then we can safely use the data from the layer_statistics, since */
    /* it will be up-to-date */
    // cppcheck-suppress knownConditionTrueFalse
    if (nFileTimestamp == nTS || nFileTimestamp == nTS + 1)
    {
        osSQL.Printf("SELECT row_count, extent_min_x, extent_min_y, "
                     "extent_max_x, extent_max_y "
                     "FROM layer_statistics WHERE table_name = '%s' AND "
                     "geometry_column = '%s'",
                     m_pszEscapedTableName,
                     SQLEscapeLiteral(pszGeomCol).c_str());

        sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
        papszResult = nullptr;

        sqlite3_get_table(hDB, osSQL.c_str(), &papszResult, &nRowCount,
                          &nColCount, &pszErrMsg);

        if (nRowCount == 1)
        {
            char **papszRow = papszResult + 5;
            const char *pszRowCount = papszRow[0];
            const char *pszMinX = papszRow[1];
            const char *pszMinY = papszRow[2];
            const char *pszMaxX = papszRow[3];
            const char *pszMaxY = papszRow[4];

            CPLDebug("SQLITE",
                     "File timestamp matches layer statistics timestamp. "
                     "Loading statistics for %s",
                     m_pszTableName);

            if (pszRowCount != nullptr)
            {
                m_nFeatureCount = CPLAtoGIntBig(pszRowCount);
                CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Layer %s feature count : " CPL_FRMT_GIB,
                         m_pszTableName, m_nFeatureCount);
            }

            if (pszMinX != nullptr && pszMinY != nullptr &&
                pszMaxX != nullptr && pszMaxY != nullptr)
            {
                OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
                    m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(0);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid = true;
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinX = CPLAtof(pszMinX);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinY = CPLAtof(pszMinY);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxX = CPLAtof(pszMaxX);
                poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxY = CPLAtof(pszMaxY);
                CPLDebug("SQLITE", "Layer %s extent : %s,%s,%s,%s",
                         m_pszTableName, pszMinX, pszMinY, pszMaxX, pszMaxY);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pszErrMsg)
        sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);

    sqlite3_free_table(papszResult);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SaveStatistics()                            */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRSQLiteTableLayer::SaveStatistics()
{
    if (!m_bStatisticsNeedsToBeFlushed || !m_poDS->IsSpatialiteDB() ||
        !m_poDS->IsSpatialiteLoaded() || !m_poDS->GetUpdate())
        return -1;
    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() != 1)
        return -1;
    OGRSQLiteGeomFieldDefn *poGeomFieldDefn =
        m_poFeatureDefn->myGetGeomFieldDefn(0);
    const char *pszGeomCol = poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef();

    CPLString osSQL;
    sqlite3 *hDB = m_poDS->GetDB();
    char *pszErrMsg = nullptr;

    // Update geometry_columns_time.
    if (!poGeomFieldDefn->m_aosDisabledTriggers.empty())
    {
        char *pszSQL3 = sqlite3_mprintf(
            "UPDATE geometry_columns_time "
            "SET last_insert = strftime('%%Y-%%m-%%dT%%H:%%M:%%fZ', 'now') "
            "WHERE Lower(f_table_name) = Lower('%q') AND "
            "Lower(f_geometry_column) = Lower('%q')",
            m_pszTableName, poGeomFieldDefn->GetNameRef());
        if (sqlite3_exec(m_poDS->GetDB(), pszSQL3, nullptr, nullptr,
                         &pszErrMsg) != SQLITE_OK)
        {
            CPLDebug("SQLITE", "%s: error %s", pszSQL3,
                     pszErrMsg ? pszErrMsg : "unknown");
            sqlite3_free(pszErrMsg);
            pszErrMsg = nullptr;
        }
        sqlite3_free(pszSQL3);
    }

    const char *pszStatTableName = m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout()
                                       ? "geometry_columns_statistics"
                                       : "layer_statistics";
    if (SQLGetInteger(m_poDS->GetDB(),
                      CPLSPrintf("SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN "
                                 "('view', 'table') AND name = '%s'",
                                 pszStatTableName),
                      nullptr) == 0)
    {
        return TRUE;
    }
    const char *pszFTableName =
        m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? "f_table_name" : "table_name";
    const char *pszFGeometryColumn = m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout()
                                         ? "f_geometry_column"
                                         : "geometry_column";
    CPLString osTableName(m_pszTableName);
    CPLString osGeomCol(pszGeomCol);
    const char *pszNowValue = "";
    if (m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout())
    {
        osTableName = osTableName.tolower();
        osGeomCol = osGeomCol.tolower();
        pszNowValue = ", strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%fZ','now')";
    }

    if (m_nFeatureCount >= 0)
    {
        /* Update or add entry in the layer_statistics table */
        if (poGeomFieldDefn->m_bCachedExtentIsValid)
        {
            osSQL.Printf("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s (%s"
                         "%s, %s, row_count, extent_min_x, "
                         "extent_min_y, extent_max_x, extent_max_y%s) VALUES ("
                         "%s'%s', '%s', " CPL_FRMT_GIB ", ?, ?, ?, ?%s)",
                         pszStatTableName,
                         m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? "" : "raster_layer, ",
                         pszFTableName, pszFGeometryColumn,
                         m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? ", last_verified"
                                                        : "",
                         m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? "" : "0 ,",
                         SQLEscapeLiteral(osTableName).c_str(),
                         SQLEscapeLiteral(osGeomCol).c_str(), m_nFeatureCount,
                         pszNowValue);

            sqlite3_stmt *m_hStmtInsert = nullptr;
            int rc =
                sqlite3_prepare_v2(hDB, osSQL, -1, &m_hStmtInsert, nullptr);
            if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
                rc = sqlite3_bind_double(m_hStmtInsert, 1,
                                         poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinX);
            if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
                rc = sqlite3_bind_double(m_hStmtInsert, 2,
                                         poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MinY);
            if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
                rc = sqlite3_bind_double(m_hStmtInsert, 3,
                                         poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxX);
            if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
                rc = sqlite3_bind_double(m_hStmtInsert, 4,
                                         poGeomFieldDefn->m_oCachedExtent.MaxY);
            if (rc == SQLITE_OK)
                rc = sqlite3_step(m_hStmtInsert);
            if (rc != SQLITE_DONE)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "In Initialize(): sqlite3_step(%s):\n  %s",
                         osSQL.c_str(), sqlite3_errmsg(hDB));
            }
            sqlite3_finalize(m_hStmtInsert);
            return rc == SQLITE_DONE;
        }
        else
        {
            osSQL.Printf(
                "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s (%s"
                "%s, %s, row_count, extent_min_x, "
                "extent_min_y, extent_max_x, extent_max_y%s) VALUES ("
                "%s'%s', '%s', " CPL_FRMT_GIB ", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL%s)",
                pszStatTableName,
                m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? "" : "raster_layer, ",
                pszFTableName, pszFGeometryColumn,
                m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? ", last_verified" : "",
                m_poDS->HasSpatialite4Layout() ? "" : "0 ,",
                SQLEscapeLiteral(osTableName).c_str(),
                SQLEscapeLiteral(osGeomCol).c_str(), m_nFeatureCount,
                pszNowValue);
            return SQLCommand(hDB, osSQL) == OGRERR_NONE;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        /* Remove any existing entry in layer_statistics if for some reason */
        /* we know that it will out-of-sync */
        osSQL.Printf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE "
                     "%s = '%s' AND %s = '%s'",
                     pszStatTableName, pszFTableName,
                     SQLEscapeLiteral(osTableName).c_str(), pszFGeometryColumn,
                     SQLEscapeLiteral(osGeomCol).c_str());
        return SQLCommand(hDB, osSQL) == OGRERR_NONE;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      SetCompressedColumns()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRSQLiteTableLayer::SetCompressedColumns(const char *pszCompressedColumns)
{
    m_papszCompressedColumns =
        CSLTokenizeString2(pszCompressedColumns, ",", CSLT_HONOURSTRINGS);
}
