/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  Implementation of OGRGeoJSONReader class (OGR GeoJSON Driver).
 * Author:   Mateusz Loskot, mateusz@loskot.net
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2007, Mateusz Loskot
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2017, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/

#define JSON_C_VER_013 (13 << 8)

#include "ogrgeojsonreader.h"
#include "ogrgeojsonutils.h"
#include "ogr_geojson.h"
#include <json.h> // JSON-C

#if (!defined(JSON_C_VERSION_NUM)) || (JSON_C_VERSION_NUM < JSON_C_VER_013)
#include <json_object_private.h> // just for sizeof(struct json_object)
#endif

#include "cpl_json_streaming_parser.h"
#include <ogr_api.h>

CPL_CVSID("$Id: ogrgeojsonreader.cpp 2669bb819ada2a8ac4bf60b7f5ede1f1f96a3c41 2019-03-23 13:44:04 +0100 Even Rouault $")

static
OGRGeometry* OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( json_object* poObj,
                                     OGRSpatialReference* poParentSRS );

const size_t MAX_OBJECT_SIZE = 200 * 1024 * 1024;

#if (!defined(JSON_C_VERSION_NUM)) || (JSON_C_VERSION_NUM < JSON_C_VER_013)
const size_t ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE = sizeof(struct json_object);
#elif JSON_C_VERSION_NUM == JSON_C_VER_013 // no way to get the size
#if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
const size_t ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE = 72;
#else
const size_t ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE = 36;
#endif
#elif JSON_C_VERSION_NUM > JSON_C_VER_013 // we have json_c_object_sizeof()
const size_t ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE = json_c_object_sizeof();
#endif

const size_t ESTIMATE_ARRAY_SIZE = ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE +
                                   sizeof(struct array_list);
const size_t ESTIMATE_ARRAY_ELT_SIZE = sizeof(void*);
const size_t ESTIMATE_OBJECT_ELT_SIZE = sizeof(struct lh_entry);
const size_t ESTIMATE_OBJECT_SIZE = ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE +
                    sizeof(struct lh_table) +
                    JSON_OBJECT_DEF_HASH_ENTRIES * ESTIMATE_OBJECT_ELT_SIZE;

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser                 */
/************************************************************************/

class OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser: public CPLJSonStreamingParser
{
        OGRGeoJSONReader& m_oReader;
        OGRGeoJSONLayer* m_poLayer;
        bool m_bFirstPass;

        int m_nDepth;
        bool m_bInFeatures;
        bool m_bCanEasilyAppend;
        bool m_bInFeaturesArray;
        bool m_bInCoordinates;
        bool m_bInType;
        bool m_bIsTypeKnown;
        bool m_bIsFeatureCollection;
        json_object* m_poRootObj;
        size_t m_nRootObjMemEstimate;
        json_object* m_poCurObj;
        size_t m_nCurObjMemEstimate;
        GUIntBig m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate;
        bool m_bKeySet;
        CPLString m_osCurKey;
        std::vector<json_object*> m_apoCurObj;
        std::vector<bool> m_abFirstMember;
        bool m_bStoreNativeData;
        CPLString m_osJson;

        std::vector<OGRFeature*> m_apoFeatures;
        size_t m_nCurFeatureIdx;

        bool m_bStartFeature = false;
        bool m_bEndFeature = false;

        void AppendObject(json_object* poNewObj);
        void AnalyzeFeature();
        void TooComplex();

        CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser)

    public:
        OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser(OGRGeoJSONReader& oReader,
                                        OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                        bool bFirstPass,
                                        bool bStoreNativeData);
        ~OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser();

        virtual void String(const char* /*pszValue*/, size_t) override;
        virtual void Number(const char* /*pszValue*/, size_t) override;
        virtual void Boolean(bool b) override;
        virtual void Null() override;

        virtual void StartObject() override;
        virtual void EndObject() override;
        virtual void StartObjectMember(const char* /*pszKey*/, size_t) override;

        virtual void StartArray() override;
        virtual void EndArray() override;
        virtual void StartArrayMember() override;

        virtual void Exception(const char* /*pszMessage*/) override;

        OGRFeature* GetNextFeature();
        json_object* StealRootObject();
        inline bool IsTypeKnown() const { return m_bIsTypeKnown; }
        inline bool IsFeatureCollection() const { return m_bIsFeatureCollection; }
        inline GUIntBig GetTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate() const { return m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate; }
        inline bool CanEasilyAppend() const { return m_bCanEasilyAppend; }

        inline void ResetFeatureDetectionState() { m_bStartFeature = false; m_bEndFeature = false; }
        inline bool IsStartFeature() const { return m_bStartFeature; }
        inline bool IsEndFeature() const { return m_bEndFeature; }
};


/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRGeoJSONBaseReader()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::OGRGeoJSONBaseReader() = default;


/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetPreserveGeometryType                    */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::SetPreserveGeometryType( bool bPreserve )
{
    bGeometryPreserve_ = bPreserve;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetSkipAttributes                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::SetSkipAttributes( bool bSkip )
{
    bAttributesSkip_ = bSkip;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetFlattenNestedAttributes                   */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::SetFlattenNestedAttributes( bool bFlatten,
                                                   char chSeparator )
{
    bFlattenNestedAttributes_ = bFlatten;
    chNestedAttributeSeparator_ = chSeparator;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetStoreNativeData                         */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::SetStoreNativeData( bool bStoreNativeData )
{
    bStoreNativeData_ = bStoreNativeData;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetArrayAsString                           */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::SetArrayAsString( bool bArrayAsString )
{
    bArrayAsString_ = bArrayAsString;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReader                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeoJSONReader::OGRGeoJSONReader() :
    poGJObject_(nullptr),
    poStreamingParser_(nullptr),
    bFirstSeg_(false),
    bJSonPLikeWrapper_(false),
    fp_(nullptr),
    bCanEasilyAppend_(false),
    bFCHasBBOX_(false),
    nBufferSize_(0),
    pabyBuffer_(nullptr),
    nTotalFeatureCount_(0),
    nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate_(0)
{}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ~OGRGeoJSONReader                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeoJSONReader::~OGRGeoJSONReader()
{
    if( nullptr != poGJObject_ )
    {
        json_object_put(poGJObject_);
    }
    if( fp_ != nullptr )
    {
        VSIFCloseL(fp_);
    }
    delete poStreamingParser_;
    CPLFree(pabyBuffer_);

    poGJObject_ = nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           Parse                                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRGeoJSONReader::Parse( const char* pszText )
{
    if( nullptr != pszText )
    {
        // Skip UTF-8 BOM (#5630).
        const GByte* pabyData = (const GByte*)pszText;
        if( pabyData[0] == 0xEF && pabyData[1] == 0xBB && pabyData[2] == 0xBF )
        {
            CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Skip UTF-8 BOM");
            pszText += 3;
        }

        if( poGJObject_ != nullptr )
        {
            json_object_put(poGJObject_);
            poGJObject_ = nullptr;
        }

        // JSON tree is shared for while lifetime of the reader object
        // and will be released in the destructor.
        if( !OGRJSonParse(pszText, &poGJObject_) )
            return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReadLayers                                 */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReader::ReadLayers( OGRGeoJSONDataSource* poDS )
{
    if( nullptr == poGJObject_ )
    {
        CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                  "Missing parsed GeoJSON data. Forgot to call Parse()?" );
        return;
    }

    ReadLayer(poDS, nullptr, poGJObject_);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser()                */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser(
                                                OGRGeoJSONReader& oReader,
                                                OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                                bool bFirstPass,
                                                bool bStoreNativeData):
                m_oReader(oReader),
                m_poLayer(poLayer),
                m_bFirstPass(bFirstPass),
                m_nDepth(0),
                m_bInFeatures(false),
                m_bCanEasilyAppend(false),
                m_bInFeaturesArray(false),
                m_bInCoordinates(false),
                m_bInType(false),
                m_bIsTypeKnown(false),
                m_bIsFeatureCollection(false),
                m_poRootObj(nullptr),
                m_nRootObjMemEstimate(0),
                m_poCurObj(nullptr),
                m_nCurObjMemEstimate(0),
                m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate(0),
                m_bKeySet(false),
                m_bStoreNativeData(bStoreNativeData),
                m_nCurFeatureIdx(0)
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                   ~OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser()                 */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::~OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser()
{
    if( m_poRootObj )
        json_object_put(m_poRootObj);
    if( m_poCurObj && m_poCurObj != m_poRootObj )
        json_object_put(m_poCurObj);
    for(size_t i = 0; i < m_apoFeatures.size(); i++ )
        delete m_apoFeatures[i];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          StealRootObject()                           */
/************************************************************************/

json_object* OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::StealRootObject()
{
    json_object* poRet = m_poRootObj;
    if( m_poCurObj == m_poRootObj )
        m_poCurObj = nullptr;
    m_poRootObj = nullptr;
    return poRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetNextFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature* OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::GetNextFeature()
{
    if( m_nCurFeatureIdx < m_apoFeatures.size() )
    {
        OGRFeature* poFeat = m_apoFeatures[m_nCurFeatureIdx];
        m_apoFeatures[m_nCurFeatureIdx] = nullptr;
        m_nCurFeatureIdx ++;
        return poFeat;
    }
    m_nCurFeatureIdx = 0;
    m_apoFeatures.clear();
    return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            AppendObject()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::AppendObject(json_object* poNewObj)
{
    if( m_bKeySet )
    {
        CPLAssert(
            json_object_get_type(m_apoCurObj.back()) == json_type_object );
        json_object_object_add( m_apoCurObj.back(), m_osCurKey, poNewObj);
        m_osCurKey.clear();
        m_bKeySet = false;
    }
    else
    {
        CPLAssert(
            json_object_get_type(m_apoCurObj.back()) == json_type_array );
        json_object_array_add( m_apoCurObj.back(), poNewObj);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          AnalyzeFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::AnalyzeFeature()
{
    if( !m_oReader.GenerateFeatureDefn( m_poLayer, m_poCurObj ) )
    {
    }
    m_poLayer->IncFeatureCount();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            StartObject()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::StartObject()
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_nDepth == 2 )
    {
        m_poCurObj = json_object_new_object();
        m_apoCurObj.push_back( m_poCurObj );
        if( m_bStoreNativeData )
        {
            m_osJson = "{";
            m_abFirstMember.push_back(true);
        }
        m_bStartFeature = true;
    }
    else if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson += "{";
            m_abFirstMember.push_back(true);
        }

        m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_OBJECT_SIZE;

        json_object* poNewObj = json_object_new_object();
        AppendObject( poNewObj );
        m_apoCurObj.push_back( poNewObj );
    }
    else if( m_bFirstPass && m_nDepth == 0 )
    {
        m_poRootObj = json_object_new_object();
        m_apoCurObj.push_back(m_poRootObj);
        m_poCurObj = m_poRootObj;
    }

    m_nDepth ++;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             EndObject()                              */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::EndObject()
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    m_nDepth --;

    if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_nDepth == 2 && m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bStoreNativeData)
        {
            m_abFirstMember.pop_back();
            m_osJson += "}";
            m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate +=
                m_osJson.size() + strlen("application/vnd.geo+json");
        }

        if( m_bFirstPass )
        {
            json_object* poObjTypeObj =
                CPL_json_object_object_get(m_poCurObj, "type");
            if( poObjTypeObj &&
                json_object_get_type(poObjTypeObj) == json_type_string )
            {
                const char* pszObjType = json_object_get_string(poObjTypeObj);
                if( strcmp(pszObjType, "Feature") == 0 )
                {
                    AnalyzeFeature();
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeature* poFeat = m_oReader.ReadFeature(m_poLayer, m_poCurObj,
                                                       m_osJson.c_str());
            if( poFeat )
            {
                m_apoFeatures.push_back( poFeat );
            }
        }

        json_object_put(m_poCurObj);
        m_poCurObj = nullptr;
        m_apoCurObj.clear();
        m_nCurObjMemEstimate = 0;
        m_bInCoordinates = false;
        m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate += sizeof(OGRFeature);
        m_osJson.clear();
        m_abFirstMember.clear();
        m_bEndFeature = true;
    }
    else if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_abFirstMember.pop_back();
            m_osJson += "}";
        }

        m_apoCurObj.pop_back();
    }
    else if( m_nDepth == 1 )
    {
        m_bInFeatures = false;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         StartObjectMember()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::StartObjectMember(const char* pszKey,
                                                        size_t nKeyLen)
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_nDepth == 1 )
    {
        m_bInFeatures = strcmp(pszKey, "features") == 0;
        m_bCanEasilyAppend = m_bInFeatures;
        m_bInType = strcmp(pszKey, "type") == 0;
        if( m_bInType || m_bInFeatures )
        {
            m_poCurObj = nullptr;
            m_apoCurObj.clear();
            m_nRootObjMemEstimate = m_nCurObjMemEstimate;
        }
        else if( m_poRootObj )
        {
            m_poCurObj = m_poRootObj;
            m_apoCurObj.clear();
            m_apoCurObj.push_back(m_poCurObj);
            m_nCurObjMemEstimate = m_nRootObjMemEstimate;
        }
    }
    else if( m_nDepth == 3 && m_bInFeaturesArray )
    {
        m_bInCoordinates = strcmp(pszKey, "coordinates") == 0 ||
                           strcmp(pszKey, "geometries") == 0;
    }

    if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            if( !m_abFirstMember.back() )
                m_osJson += ",";
            m_abFirstMember.back() = false;
            m_osJson += CPLJSonStreamingParser::GetSerializedString(pszKey) + ":";
        }

        m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_OBJECT_ELT_SIZE;
        m_osCurKey.assign(pszKey, nKeyLen);
        m_bKeySet = true;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             StartArray()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::StartArray()
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_nDepth == 1 && m_bInFeatures )
    {
        m_bInFeaturesArray = true;
    }
    else if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson += "[";
            m_abFirstMember.push_back(true);
        }

        m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_ARRAY_SIZE;

        json_object* poNewObj = json_object_new_array();
        AppendObject(poNewObj);
        m_apoCurObj.push_back( poNewObj );
    }
    m_nDepth ++;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          StartArrayMember()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::StartArrayMember()
{
    if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_ARRAY_ELT_SIZE;

        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            if( !m_abFirstMember.back() )
                m_osJson += ",";
            m_abFirstMember.back() = false;
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               EndArray()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::EndArray()
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    m_nDepth --;
    if( m_nDepth == 1 && m_bInFeaturesArray )
    {
        m_bInFeaturesArray = false;
    }
    else if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_abFirstMember.pop_back();
            m_osJson += "]";
        }

        m_apoCurObj.pop_back();
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              String()                                */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::String(const char* pszValue, size_t nLen)
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_nDepth == 1 && m_bInType )
    {
        m_bIsTypeKnown = true;
        m_bIsFeatureCollection = strcmp(pszValue, "FeatureCollection") == 0;
    }
    else if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bFirstPass )
        {
            if( m_bInFeaturesArray )
                m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate += sizeof(OGRField) + nLen;

            m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE;
            m_nCurObjMemEstimate += nLen + sizeof(void*);
        }
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson += CPLJSonStreamingParser::GetSerializedString(pszValue);
        }
        AppendObject(json_object_new_string(pszValue));
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Number()                                */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::Number(const char* pszValue, size_t nLen)
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bFirstPass )
        {
            if( m_bInFeaturesArray )
            {
                if( m_bInCoordinates )
                    m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate += sizeof(double);
                else
                    m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate += sizeof(OGRField);
            }

            m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE;
        }
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson.append(pszValue, nLen);
        }

        if( CPLGetValueType(pszValue) == CPL_VALUE_REAL )
        {
            AppendObject(json_object_new_double(CPLAtof(pszValue)));
        }
        else if( nLen == strlen("Infinity") && EQUAL(pszValue, "Infinity") )
        {
            AppendObject(json_object_new_double(
                std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()));
        }
        else if( nLen == strlen("-Infinity") && EQUAL(pszValue, "-Infinity") )
        {
            AppendObject(json_object_new_double(
                -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()));
        }
        else if( nLen == strlen("NaN") && EQUAL(pszValue, "NaN") )
        {
            AppendObject(json_object_new_double(
                std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
        }
        else
        {
            AppendObject(json_object_new_int64(CPLAtoGIntBig(pszValue)));
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Boolean()                               */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::Boolean(bool bVal)
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bFirstPass )
        {
            if( m_bInFeaturesArray )
                m_nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate += sizeof(OGRField);

            m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE;
        }
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson += bVal ? "true": "false";
        }

        AppendObject( json_object_new_boolean(bVal) );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Null()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::Null()
{
    if( m_nCurObjMemEstimate > MAX_OBJECT_SIZE )
    {
        TooComplex();
        return;
    }

    if( m_poCurObj )
    {
        if( m_bInFeaturesArray && m_bStoreNativeData && m_nDepth >= 3 )
        {
            m_osJson += "null";
        }

        m_nCurObjMemEstimate += ESTIMATE_BASE_OBJECT_SIZE;
        AppendObject( nullptr );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            TooComplex()                              */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::TooComplex()
{
    if( !ExceptionOccurred() )
        Exception("GeoJSON object too complex");
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Exception()                              */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser::Exception(const char* pszMessage)
{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s", pszMessage);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       FirstPassReadLayer()                           */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReader::FirstPassReadLayer( OGRGeoJSONDataSource* poDS,
                                           VSILFILE* fp,
                                           bool& bTryStandardReading )
{
    bTryStandardReading = false;
    VSIFSeekL(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
    bFirstSeg_ = true;

    const char* pszName = poDS->GetDescription();
    if( STARTS_WITH_CI(pszName, "GeoJSON:") )
        pszName += strlen("GeoJSON:");
    pszName = CPLGetBasename(pszName);

    OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer =
      new OGRGeoJSONLayer( pszName, nullptr,
                           OGRGeoJSONLayer::DefaultGeometryType,
                           poDS, this );
    OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser oParser(*this, poLayer,
                                            true, bStoreNativeData_);

    vsi_l_offset nFileSize = 0;
    if( STARTS_WITH(poDS->GetDescription(), "/vsimem/") ||
        !STARTS_WITH(poDS->GetDescription(), "/vsi") )
    {
        VSIStatBufL sStatBuf;
        if( VSIStatL( poDS->GetDescription(), &sStatBuf ) == 0 )
        {
            nFileSize = sStatBuf.st_size;
        }
    }

    nBufferSize_ = 4096 * 10;
    pabyBuffer_ = static_cast<GByte*>(CPLMalloc(nBufferSize_));
    int nIter = 0;
    bool bThresholdReached = false;
    const GIntBig nMaxBytesFirstPass = CPLAtoGIntBig(
        CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_GEOJSON_MAX_BYTES_FIRST_PASS", "0"));
    const GIntBig nLimitFeaturesFirstPass = CPLAtoGIntBig(CPLGetConfigOption(
        "OGR_GEOJSON_MAX_FEATURES_FIRST_PASS", "0"));
    while( true )
    {
        nIter ++;

        if( nMaxBytesFirstPass > 0 &&
            static_cast<GIntBig>(nIter) * static_cast<GIntBig>(nBufferSize_)
                >= nMaxBytesFirstPass )
        {
            CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "First pass: early exit since above "
                     "OGR_GEOJSON_MAX_BYTES_FIRST_PASS");
            bThresholdReached = true;
            break;
        }

        size_t nRead = VSIFReadL(pabyBuffer_, 1, nBufferSize_, fp);
        const bool bFinished = nRead < nBufferSize_;
        size_t nSkip = 0;
        if( bFirstSeg_ )
        {
            bFirstSeg_ = false;
            nSkip = SkipPrologEpilogAndUpdateJSonPLikeWrapper(nRead);
        }
        if( bFinished && bJSonPLikeWrapper_ && nRead - nSkip > 0 )
            nRead --;
        if( !oParser.Parse( reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pabyBuffer_ + nSkip),
                            nRead - nSkip, bFinished ) ||
            oParser.ExceptionOccurred() )
        {
            // to avoid killing ourselves during layer deletion
            poLayer->UnsetReader();
            delete poLayer;
            return false;
        }
        if( bFinished || (nIter % 100) == 0 )
        {
            if( nFileSize == 0 )
            {
                if( bFinished )
                {
                    CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "First pass: 100.00 %%");
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLDebug("GeoJSON",
                             "First pass: " CPL_FRMT_GUIB " bytes read",
                             static_cast<GUIntBig>(nIter) *
                                static_cast<GUIntBig>(nBufferSize_) + nRead);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "First pass: %.2f %%",
                         100.0 * VSIFTellL(fp) / nFileSize);
            }
        }
        if( nLimitFeaturesFirstPass > 0 &&
            poLayer->GetFeatureCount(FALSE) >= nLimitFeaturesFirstPass )
        {
            CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "First pass: early exit since above "
                     "OGR_GEOJSON_MAX_FEATURES_FIRST_PASS");
            bThresholdReached = true;
            break;
        }
        if( oParser.IsTypeKnown() && !oParser.IsFeatureCollection() )
            break;
        if( bFinished  )
            break;
    }

    if( bThresholdReached )
    {
        poLayer->InvalidateFeatureCount();
    }
    else if( !oParser.IsTypeKnown() || !oParser.IsFeatureCollection() )
    {
        // to avoid killing ourselves during layer deletion
        poLayer->UnsetReader();
        delete poLayer;
        const vsi_l_offset nRAM =
            static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(CPLGetUsablePhysicalRAM());
        if( nFileSize == 0 || nRAM == 0 || nRAM > nFileSize * 20 )
        {
            // Only try full ingestion if we have 20x more RAM than the file
            // size
            bTryStandardReading = true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    CPLString osFIDColumn;
    FinalizeLayerDefn(poLayer, osFIDColumn);
    if( !osFIDColumn.empty() )
        poLayer->SetFIDColumn(osFIDColumn);

    bCanEasilyAppend_ = oParser.CanEasilyAppend();
    nTotalFeatureCount_ = poLayer->GetFeatureCount(FALSE);
    nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate_ = oParser.GetTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate();

    json_object* poRootObj = oParser.StealRootObject();
    if( poRootObj )
    {
        bFCHasBBOX_ = CPL_json_object_object_get(poRootObj, "bbox") != nullptr;

        //CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "%s", json_object_get_string(poRootObj));

        json_object* poName = CPL_json_object_object_get(poRootObj, "name");
        if( poName && json_object_get_type(poName) == json_type_string )
        {
            const char* pszValue = json_object_get_string(poName);
            poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->SetName(pszValue);
            poLayer->SetDescription(pszValue);
        }

        json_object* poDescription =
            CPL_json_object_object_get(poRootObj, "description");
        if( poDescription &&
            json_object_get_type(poDescription) == json_type_string )
        {
            const char* pszValue = json_object_get_string(poDescription);
            poLayer->SetMetadataItem("DESCRIPTION", pszValue);
        }

        OGRSpatialReference* poSRS =
                        OGRGeoJSONReadSpatialReference( poRootObj );
        if( poSRS == nullptr )
        {
            // If there is none defined, we use 4326.
            poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
            poSRS->SetFromUserInput(SRS_WKT_WGS84_LAT_LONG);
            poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
        }
        CPLErrorReset();

        if( poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomType() != wkbNone &&
            poSRS != nullptr )
        {
            poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->SetSpatialRef(poSRS);
            poSRS->Release();
        }

        if( bStoreNativeData_ )
        {
            CPLString osNativeData ("NATIVE_DATA=");
            osNativeData += json_object_get_string(poRootObj);

            char *apszMetadata[3] = {
                const_cast<char *>(osNativeData.c_str()),
                const_cast<char *>(
                                "NATIVE_MEDIA_TYPE=application/vnd.geo+json"),
                nullptr
            };

            poLayer->SetMetadata( apszMetadata, "NATIVE_DATA" );
        }

        poGJObject_ = poRootObj;
    }

    fp_ = fp;
    poDS->AddLayer(poLayer);
    return true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               SkipPrologEpilogAndUpdateJSonPLikeWrapper()            */
/************************************************************************/

size_t OGRGeoJSONReader::SkipPrologEpilogAndUpdateJSonPLikeWrapper(size_t nRead)
{
    size_t nSkip = 0;
    if( nRead >= 3 && pabyBuffer_[0] == 0xEF &&
        pabyBuffer_[1] == 0xBB && pabyBuffer_[2] == 0xBF )
    {
        CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Skip UTF-8 BOM");
        nSkip += 3;
    }

    const char* const apszPrefix[] = { "loadGeoJSON(", "jsonp(" };
    for( size_t i = 0; i < CPL_ARRAYSIZE(apszPrefix); i++ )
    {
        if( nRead >= nSkip + strlen(apszPrefix[i]) &&
            memcmp(pabyBuffer_ + nSkip, apszPrefix[i],
                   strlen(apszPrefix[i])) == 0 )
        {
            nSkip += strlen(apszPrefix[i]);
            bJSonPLikeWrapper_ = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    return nSkip;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            ResetReading()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReader::ResetReading()
{
    CPLAssert( fp_ );
    delete poStreamingParser_;
    poStreamingParser_ = nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetNextFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature* OGRGeoJSONReader::GetNextFeature(OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer)
{
    CPLAssert( fp_ );
    if( poStreamingParser_ == nullptr )
    {
        poStreamingParser_ = new OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser(
                                    *this, poLayer, false, bStoreNativeData_);
        VSIFSeekL(fp_, 0, SEEK_SET);
        bFirstSeg_ = true;
        bJSonPLikeWrapper_ = false;
    }

    OGRFeature* poFeat = poStreamingParser_->GetNextFeature();
    if( poFeat )
        return poFeat;

    while( true )
    {
        size_t nRead = VSIFReadL(pabyBuffer_, 1, nBufferSize_, fp_);
        const bool bFinished = nRead < nBufferSize_;
        size_t nSkip = 0;
        if( bFirstSeg_ )
        {
            bFirstSeg_ = false;
            nSkip = SkipPrologEpilogAndUpdateJSonPLikeWrapper(nRead);
        }
        if( bFinished && bJSonPLikeWrapper_ && nRead - nSkip > 0 )
            nRead --;
        if( !poStreamingParser_->Parse( 
                            reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pabyBuffer_ + nSkip),
                            nRead - nSkip, bFinished ) ||
            poStreamingParser_->ExceptionOccurred() )
        {
            break;
        }

        poFeat = poStreamingParser_->GetNextFeature();
        if( poFeat )
            return poFeat;

        if( bFinished  )
            break;
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature* OGRGeoJSONReader::GetFeature(OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer, GIntBig nFID)
{
    CPLAssert( fp_ );

    if( oMapFIDToOffsetSize_.empty() )
    {
        CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Establishing index to features for first GetFeature() call");

        delete poStreamingParser_;
        poStreamingParser_ = nullptr;

        OGRGeoJSONReaderStreamingParser oParser(*this, poLayer, false, bStoreNativeData_);
        VSIFSeekL(fp_, 0, SEEK_SET);
        bFirstSeg_ = true;
        bJSonPLikeWrapper_ = false;
        vsi_l_offset nCurOffset = 0;
        vsi_l_offset nFeatureOffset = 0;
        GIntBig nSeqFID = 0;
        while( true )
        {
            size_t nRead = VSIFReadL(pabyBuffer_, 1, nBufferSize_, fp_);
            const bool bFinished = nRead < nBufferSize_;
            size_t nSkip = 0;
            if( bFirstSeg_ )
            {
                bFirstSeg_ = false;
                nSkip = SkipPrologEpilogAndUpdateJSonPLikeWrapper(nRead);
            }
            if( bFinished && bJSonPLikeWrapper_ && nRead - nSkip > 0 )
                nRead --;
            auto pszPtr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pabyBuffer_ + nSkip);
            for( size_t i = 0; i < nRead - nSkip; i++ )
            {
                oParser.ResetFeatureDetectionState();
                if( !oParser.Parse( pszPtr + i,
                                    1, bFinished && (i + 1 == nRead - nSkip) ) ||
                    oParser.ExceptionOccurred() )
                {
                    return nullptr;
                }
                if( oParser.IsStartFeature() )
                {
                    nFeatureOffset = nCurOffset + i;
                }
                else if( oParser.IsEndFeature() )
                {
                    vsi_l_offset nFeatureSize = (nCurOffset + i) - nFeatureOffset + 1;
                    auto poFeat = oParser.GetNextFeature();
                    if( poFeat )
                    {
                        GIntBig nThisFID = poFeat->GetFID();
                        if( nThisFID < 0 )
                        {
                            nThisFID = nSeqFID;
                            nSeqFID++;
                        }
                        if( oMapFIDToOffsetSize_.find(nThisFID) == oMapFIDToOffsetSize_.end() )
                        {
                            oMapFIDToOffsetSize_[nThisFID] =
                                std::pair<vsi_l_offset, vsi_l_offset>(nFeatureOffset, nFeatureSize);
                        }
                        delete poFeat;
                    }
                }
            }

            if( bFinished  )
                break;
            nCurOffset += nRead;
        }
    }

    auto oIter = oMapFIDToOffsetSize_.find(nFID);
    if( oIter == oMapFIDToOffsetSize_.end() )
    {
        return nullptr;
    }

    VSIFSeekL(fp_, oIter->second.first, SEEK_SET);
    if( oIter->second.second > 1000 * 1000 * 1000 )
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    size_t nSize = static_cast<size_t>(oIter->second.second);
    char* pszBuffer = static_cast<char*>(VSIMalloc(nSize + 1));
    if( !pszBuffer )
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    if( VSIFReadL(pszBuffer, 1, nSize, fp_) != nSize )
    {
        VSIFree(pszBuffer);
        return nullptr;
    }
    pszBuffer[nSize] = 0;
    json_object* poObj = nullptr;
    if( !OGRJSonParse(pszBuffer, &poObj) )
    {
        VSIFree(pszBuffer);
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRFeature* poFeat = ReadFeature(poLayer, poObj, pszBuffer);
    json_object_put(poObj);
    VSIFree(pszBuffer);
    if( !poFeat )
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    poFeat->SetFID(nFID);
    return poFeat;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IngestAll()                                */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReader::IngestAll(OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer)
{
    const vsi_l_offset nRAM =
            static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(CPLGetUsablePhysicalRAM()) / 3 * 4;
    if( nRAM && nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate_ > nRAM )
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
                 "Not enough memory to ingest all the layer: "
                 CPL_FRMT_GUIB " available, " CPL_FRMT_GUIB " needed",
                 nRAM, nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate_);
        return false;
    }

    CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Total memory estimated for ingestion: "
             CPL_FRMT_GUIB " bytes", nTotalOGRFeatureMemEstimate_);

    ResetReading();
    GIntBig nCounter = 0;
    while( true )
    {
        OGRFeature* poFeature = GetNextFeature(poLayer);
        if( poFeature == nullptr )
            break;
        poLayer->AddFeature(poFeature);
        delete poFeature;
        nCounter ++;
        if( ((nCounter % 10000) == 0 || nCounter == nTotalFeatureCount_) &&
            nTotalFeatureCount_ > 0 )
        {
            CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Ingestion at %.02f %%",
                     100.0 * nCounter / nTotalFeatureCount_);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReadLayer                                  */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReader::ReadLayer( OGRGeoJSONDataSource* poDS,
                                  const char* pszName,
                                  json_object* poObj )
{
    GeoJSONObject::Type objType = OGRGeoJSONGetType( poObj );
    if( objType == GeoJSONObject::eUnknown )
    {
        // Check if the object contains key:value pairs where value
        // is a standard GeoJSON object. In which case, use key as the layer
        // name.
        if( json_type_object == json_object_get_type( poObj ) )
        {
            json_object_iter it;
            it.key = nullptr;
            it.val = nullptr;
            it.entry = nullptr;
            json_object_object_foreachC( poObj, it )
            {
                objType = OGRGeoJSONGetType( it.val );
                if( objType != GeoJSONObject::eUnknown )
                    ReadLayer(poDS, it.key, it.val);
            }
        }

        // CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
        //          "Unrecognized GeoJSON structure.");

        return;
    }

    OGRSpatialReference* poSRS = OGRGeoJSONReadSpatialReference( poObj );
    if( poSRS == nullptr )
    {
        // If there is none defined, we use 4326.
        poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
        poSRS->SetFromUserInput(SRS_WKT_WGS84_LAT_LONG);
        poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
    }

    CPLErrorReset();

    // Figure out layer name
    if( pszName == nullptr )
    {
        if( GeoJSONObject::eFeatureCollection == objType )
        {
            json_object* poName = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObj, "name");
            if( poName != nullptr &&
                json_object_get_type(poName) == json_type_string )
            {
                pszName = json_object_get_string(poName);
            }
        }
        if( pszName == nullptr )
        {
            const char* pszDesc = poDS->GetDescription();
            if( strchr(pszDesc, '?') == nullptr &&
                strchr(pszDesc, '{') == nullptr )
            {
                pszName = CPLGetBasename(pszDesc);
            }
        }
        if( pszName == nullptr )
            pszName = OGRGeoJSONLayer::DefaultName;
    }

    OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer =
      new OGRGeoJSONLayer( pszName, poSRS,
                           OGRGeoJSONLayer::DefaultGeometryType,
                           poDS, nullptr );
    if( poSRS != nullptr )
        poSRS->Release();

    if( !GenerateLayerDefn(poLayer, poObj) )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Layer schema generation failed." );

        delete poLayer;
        return;
    }

    if( GeoJSONObject::eFeatureCollection == objType )
    {
        json_object* poDescription =
                        CPL_json_object_object_get(poObj, "description");
        if( poDescription != nullptr &&
            json_object_get_type(poDescription) == json_type_string )
        {
            poLayer->SetMetadataItem("DESCRIPTION",
                                     json_object_get_string(poDescription));
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Translate single geometry-only Feature object.                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    if( GeoJSONObject::ePoint == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::eMultiPoint == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::eLineString == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::eMultiLineString == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::ePolygon == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::eMultiPolygon == objType
        || GeoJSONObject::eGeometryCollection == objType )
    {
        OGRGeometry* poGeometry = ReadGeometry( poObj, poLayer->GetSpatialRef() );
        if( !AddFeature( poLayer, poGeometry ) )
        {
            CPLDebug( "GeoJSON", "Translation of single geometry failed." );
            delete poLayer;
            return;
        }
    }
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Translate single but complete Feature object.                   */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eFeature == objType )
    {
        OGRFeature* poFeature = ReadFeature( poLayer, poObj, nullptr );
        AddFeature( poLayer, poFeature );
    }
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Translate multi-feature FeatureCollection object.               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eFeatureCollection == objType )
    {
        ReadFeatureCollection( poLayer, poObj );
    }

    if( CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_Warning )
        CPLErrorReset();

    poLayer->DetectGeometryType();
    poDS->AddLayer(poLayer);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGRGeoJSONReadSpatialReference                    */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReference* OGRGeoJSONReadSpatialReference( json_object* poObj )
{

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Read spatial reference definition.                              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRSpatialReference* poSRS = nullptr;

    json_object* poObjSrs = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "crs" );
    if( nullptr != poObjSrs )
    {
        json_object* poObjSrsType =
            OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrs, "type" );
        if( poObjSrsType == nullptr )
            return nullptr;

        const char* pszSrsType = json_object_get_string( poObjSrsType );

        // TODO: Add URL and URN types support.
        if( STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSrsType, "NAME") )
        {
            json_object* poObjSrsProps =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrs, "properties" );
            if( poObjSrsProps == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            json_object* poNameURL =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrsProps, "name" );
            if( poNameURL == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            const char* pszName = json_object_get_string( poNameURL );

            poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
            poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
            if( OGRERR_NONE != poSRS->SetFromUserInput( pszName ) )
            {
                delete poSRS;
                poSRS = nullptr;
            }
        }

        else if( STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSrsType, "EPSG") )
        {
            json_object* poObjSrsProps =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrs, "properties" );
            if( poObjSrsProps == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            json_object* poObjCode =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrsProps, "code" );
            if( poObjCode == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            int nEPSG = json_object_get_int( poObjCode );

            poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
            poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
            if( OGRERR_NONE != poSRS->importFromEPSG( nEPSG ) )
            {
                delete poSRS;
                poSRS = nullptr;
            }
        }

        else if( STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSrsType, "URL") ||
            STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSrsType, "LINK")  )
        {
            json_object* poObjSrsProps =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrs, "properties" );
            if( poObjSrsProps == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            json_object* poObjURL =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrsProps, "url" );

            if( nullptr == poObjURL )
            {
                poObjURL = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrsProps, "href" );
            }
            if( poObjURL == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            const char* pszURL = json_object_get_string( poObjURL );

            poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
            poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
            if( OGRERR_NONE != poSRS->importFromUrl( pszURL ) )
            {
                delete poSRS;
                poSRS = nullptr;
            }
        }

        else if( EQUAL( pszSrsType, "OGC" ) )
        {
            json_object* poObjSrsProps =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrs, "properties" );
            if( poObjSrsProps == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            json_object* poObjURN =
                OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObjSrsProps, "urn" );
            if( poObjURN == nullptr )
                return nullptr;

            poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
            poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
            if( OGRERR_NONE !=
                poSRS->importFromURN( json_object_get_string(poObjURN) ) )
            {
                delete poSRS;
                poSRS = nullptr;
            }
        }
    }

    // Strip AXIS, since geojson has (easting, northing) / (longitude, latitude)
    // order.  According to http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id2 :
    // "Point coordinates are in x, y order (easting, northing for projected
    // coordinates, longitude, latitude for geographic coordinates)".
    if( poSRS != nullptr )
    {
        OGR_SRSNode *poGEOGCS = poSRS->GetAttrNode( "GEOGCS" );
        if( poGEOGCS != nullptr )
            poGEOGCS->StripNodes( "AXIS" );
    }

    return poSRS;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GenerateLayerDefn()                          */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReader::GenerateLayerDefn( OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                          json_object* poGJObject )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poGJObject );
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poLayer->GetLayerDefn() );
    CPLAssert( 0 == poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount() );

    if( bAttributesSkip_ )
        return true;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Scan all features and generate layer definition.                */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    bool bSuccess = true;

    GeoJSONObject::Type objType = OGRGeoJSONGetType( poGJObject );
    if( GeoJSONObject::eFeature == objType )
    {
        bSuccess = GenerateFeatureDefn( poLayer, poGJObject );
    }
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eFeatureCollection == objType )
    {
        json_object* poObjFeatures
            = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poGJObject, "features" );
        if( nullptr != poObjFeatures
            && json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjFeatures ) )
        {
            const auto nFeatures = json_object_array_length( poObjFeatures );
            for( auto i = decltype(nFeatures){0}; i < nFeatures; ++i )
            {
                json_object* poObjFeature =
                    json_object_array_get_idx( poObjFeatures, i );
                if( !GenerateFeatureDefn( poLayer, poObjFeature ) )
                {
                    CPLDebug( "GeoJSON", "Create feature schema failure." );
                    bSuccess = false;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                      "Invalid FeatureCollection object. "
                      "Missing \'features\' member." );
            bSuccess = false;
        }
    }

    CPLString osFIDColumn;
    FinalizeLayerDefn(poLayer, osFIDColumn);
    if( !osFIDColumn.empty() )
        poLayer->SetFIDColumn(osFIDColumn);

    return bSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          FinalizeLayerDefn()                         */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::FinalizeLayerDefn(OGRLayer* poLayer,
                                             CPLString& osFIDColumn)
{
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Validate and add FID column if necessary.                       */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    osFIDColumn.clear();
    OGRFeatureDefn* poLayerDefn = poLayer->GetLayerDefn();
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poLayerDefn );

    if( !bFeatureLevelIdAsFID_ )
    {
        const int idx = poLayerDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive( "id" );
        if( idx >= 0 )
        {
            OGRFieldDefn* poFDefn = poLayerDefn->GetFieldDefn(idx);
            if( poFDefn->GetType() == OFTInteger ||
                poFDefn->GetType() == OFTInteger64 )
            {
                osFIDColumn = poLayerDefn->GetFieldDefn(idx)->GetNameRef();
            }
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField()               */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField(
    OGRFeatureDefn* poDefn,
    const char* pszKey,
    json_object* poVal,
    bool bFlattenNestedAttributes,
    char chNestedAttributeSeparator,
    bool bArrayAsString,
    std::set<int>& aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields )
{
    if( bFlattenNestedAttributes &&
        poVal != nullptr && json_object_get_type(poVal) == json_type_object )
    {
        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        json_object_object_foreachC( poVal, it )
        {
            char szSeparator[2] = { chNestedAttributeSeparator, '\0' };

            CPLString osAttrName(CPLSPrintf("%s%s%s", pszKey, szSeparator,
                                            it.key));
            if( it.val != nullptr &&
                json_object_get_type(it.val) == json_type_object )
            {
                OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField(poDefn, osAttrName, it.val,
                                                 true,
                                                 chNestedAttributeSeparator,
                                                 bArrayAsString,
                                                 aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields);
            }
            else
            {
                OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField(poDefn, osAttrName, it.val,
                                                 false, 0,
                                                 bArrayAsString,
                                                 aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields);
            }
        }
        return;
    }

    int nIndex = poDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive(pszKey);
    if( nIndex < 0 )
    {
        OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
        const OGRFieldType eType =
            GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
        OGRFieldDefn fldDefn( pszKey, eType );
        fldDefn.SetSubType(eSubType);
        if( eSubType == OFSTBoolean )
            fldDefn.SetWidth(1);
        if( fldDefn.GetType() == OFTString )
        {
            fldDefn.SetType(GeoJSONStringPropertyToFieldType( poVal ));
        }
        poDefn->AddFieldDefn( &fldDefn );
        if( poVal == nullptr )
            aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields.insert( poDefn->GetFieldCount() - 1 );
    }
    else if( poVal )
    {
        // If there is a null value: do not update field definition.
        OGRFieldDefn* poFDefn = poDefn->GetFieldDefn(nIndex);
        const OGRFieldType eType = poFDefn->GetType();
        if( aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields.find(nIndex) !=
            aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields.end() )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
            poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            if( poFDefn->GetType() == OFTString )
            {
                poFDefn->SetType(GeoJSONStringPropertyToFieldType( poVal ));
            }
            poFDefn->SetSubType(eSubType);
            aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields.erase(nIndex);
        }
        else if( eType == OFTInteger )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTInteger &&
                poFDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTBoolean &&
                eSubType != OFSTBoolean )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTInteger64 || eNewType == OFTReal ||
                     eNewType == OFTString ||
                     eNewType == OFTInteger64List || eNewType == OFTRealList ||
                     eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTIntegerList )
            {
                if( poFDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTBoolean &&
                    eSubType != OFSTBoolean )
                {
                    poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                }
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTInteger64 )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTReal || eNewType == OFTString )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTIntegerList ||
                     eNewType == OFTInteger64List )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTInteger64List);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTRealList || eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger && eNewType != OFTInteger64 )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTReal )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if(  eNewType == OFTIntegerList ||
                 eNewType == OFTInteger64List || eNewType == OFTRealList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTRealList);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTStringList);
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger && eNewType != OFTInteger64 &&
                     eNewType != OFTReal )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTString )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTStringList )
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTStringList);
        }
        else if( eType == OFTIntegerList )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTInteger64List || eNewType == OFTRealList ||
                eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTInteger64 )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTInteger64List);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTReal )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTRealList);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTInteger || eNewType == OFTIntegerList )
            {
                if( poFDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTBoolean &&
                    eSubType != OFSTBoolean )
                {
                    poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                }
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTInteger64List )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTInteger64List || eNewType == OFTRealList ||
                eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType == OFTReal )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTRealList);
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger && eNewType != OFTInteger64 &&
                     eNewType != OFTIntegerList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTRealList )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            const OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTStringList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(eNewType);
            }
            else if( eNewType != OFTInteger && eNewType != OFTInteger64 &&
                     eNewType != OFTReal && eNewType != OFTIntegerList &&
                     eNewType != OFTInteger64List && eNewType != OFTRealList )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
            }
        }
        else if( eType == OFTDate || eType == OFTTime || eType == OFTDateTime )
        {
            OGRFieldSubType eSubType;
            OGRFieldType eNewType =
                GeoJSONPropertyToFieldType( poVal, eSubType, bArrayAsString );
            if( eNewType == OFTString )
                eNewType = GeoJSONStringPropertyToFieldType( poVal );
            if( eType != eNewType )
            {
                poFDefn->SetSubType(OFSTNone);
                if( eType == OFTDate && eNewType == OFTDateTime )
                {
                    poFDefn->SetType(OFTDateTime);
                }
                else if( !(eType == OFTDateTime && eNewType == OFTDate) )
                {
                    poFDefn->SetType(OFTString);
                }
            }
        }

        poFDefn->SetWidth( poFDefn->GetSubType() == OFSTBoolean ? 1 : 0 );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        GenerateFeatureDefn()                         */
/************************************************************************/
bool OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::GenerateFeatureDefn( OGRLayer* poLayer,
                                                json_object* poObj )
{
    OGRFeatureDefn* poDefn = poLayer->GetLayerDefn();
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poDefn );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Read collection of properties.                                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    lh_entry* poObjPropsEntry =
        OGRGeoJSONFindMemberEntryByName( poObj, "properties" );
    json_object* poObjProps = const_cast<json_object*>(
        static_cast<const json_object*>(
            poObjPropsEntry ? poObjPropsEntry->v : nullptr));

    json_object* poObjId = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "id" );
    if( poObjId )
    {
        const int nIdx = poDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive( "id" );
        if( nIdx < 0 )
        {
            if( json_object_get_type(poObjId) == json_type_int )
            {
                // If the value is negative, we cannot use it as the FID
                // as OGRMemLayer doesn't support negative FID. And we would
                // have an ambiguity with -1 that can mean OGRNullFID
                // so in that case create a regular attribute and let OGR
                // attribute sequential OGR FIDs.
                if( json_object_get_int64(poObjId) < 0 )
                {
                    bFeatureLevelIdAsFID_ = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    bFeatureLevelIdAsFID_ = true;
                }
            }
            if( !bFeatureLevelIdAsFID_ )
            {
                // If there's a top-level id of type string or negative int,
                // and no properties.id, then declare a id field.
                bool bHasRegularIdProp = false;
                if( nullptr != poObjProps &&
                    json_object_get_type(poObjProps) == json_type_object )
                {
                    bHasRegularIdProp =
                        CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "id") != nullptr;
                }
                if( !bHasRegularIdProp )
                {
                    OGRFieldType eType = OFTString;
                    if( json_object_get_type(poObjId) == json_type_int )
                    {
                        if( CPL_INT64_FITS_ON_INT32(
                                json_object_get_int64(poObjId) ) )
                            eType = OFTInteger;
                        else
                            eType = OFTInteger64;
                    }
                    OGRFieldDefn fldDefn( "id", eType );
                    poDefn->AddFieldDefn(&fldDefn);
                    bFeatureLevelIdAsAttribute_ = true;
                }
            }
        }
        else if( bFeatureLevelIdAsAttribute_ &&
                 json_object_get_type(poObjId) == json_type_int )
        {
            if( poDefn->GetFieldDefn(nIdx)->GetType() == OFTInteger )
            {
                if( !CPL_INT64_FITS_ON_INT32( json_object_get_int64(poObjId) ) )
                    poDefn->GetFieldDefn(nIdx)->SetType(OFTInteger64);
            }
        }
        else if( bFeatureLevelIdAsAttribute_ )
        {
            poDefn->GetFieldDefn(nIdx)->SetType(OFTString);
        }
    }


    if( !m_bNeedFID64 )
    {
        json_object* poId = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObj, "id");
        if( poId == nullptr )
        {
            if( poObjProps &&
                json_object_get_type(poObjProps) == json_type_object )
            {
                poId = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "id");
            }
        }
        if( poId != nullptr && json_object_get_type(poId) == json_type_int )
        {
            GIntBig nFID = json_object_get_int64(poId);
            if( !CPL_INT64_FITS_ON_INT32(nFID) )
            {
                m_bNeedFID64 = true;
                poLayer->SetMetadataItem(OLMD_FID64, "YES");
            }
        }
    }

    if( m_bDetectLayerGeomType )
    {
        json_object* poGeomObj =
            CPL_json_object_object_get(poObj, "geometry");
        if( poGeomObj && json_object_get_type(poGeomObj) == json_type_object )
        {
            json_object* poGeomTypeObj =
                CPL_json_object_object_get(poGeomObj, "type");
            if( poGeomTypeObj &&
                json_object_get_type(poGeomTypeObj) == json_type_string )
            {
                const char* pszType = json_object_get_string(poGeomTypeObj);
                OGRwkbGeometryType eType = wkbUnknown;
                if( EQUAL( pszType, "Point" ) )
                    eType = wkbPoint;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "LineString" ) )
                    eType = wkbLineString;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "Polygon" ) )
                    eType = wkbPolygon;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "MultiPoint" ) )
                    eType = wkbMultiPoint;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "MultiLineString" ) )
                    eType = wkbMultiLineString;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "MultiPolygon" ) )
                    eType = wkbMultiPolygon;
                else if( EQUAL( pszType, "GeometryCollection" ) )
                    eType = wkbGeometryCollection;
                if( m_bFirstGeometry )
                {
                    m_eLayerGeomType = eType;
                    poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->SetGeomType( m_eLayerGeomType );
                    m_bFirstGeometry = false;
                }
                else if( eType != m_eLayerGeomType )
                {
                    CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                        "Detected layer of mixed-geometry type features." );
                    poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->SetGeomType( wkbUnknown );
                    m_bDetectLayerGeomType = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    bool bSuccess = false;

    if( nullptr != poObjProps &&
        json_object_get_type(poObjProps) == json_type_object )
    {
        if( bIsGeocouchSpatiallistFormat )
        {
            poObjProps = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "properties");
            if( nullptr == poObjProps ||
                json_object_get_type(poObjProps) != json_type_object )
            {
                return true;
            }
        }

        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        json_object_object_foreachC( poObjProps, it )
        {
            int nFldIndex = poDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive( it.key );
            if( -1 == nFldIndex && !bIsGeocouchSpatiallistFormat )
            {
                // Detect the special kind of GeoJSON output by a spatiallist of
                // GeoCouch such as:
                // http://gd.iriscouch.com/cphosm/_design/geo/_rewrite/data?bbox=12.53%2C55.73%2C12.54%2C55.73
                if( strcmp(it.key, "_id") == 0 )
                {
                    bFoundGeocouchId = true;
                }
                else if( bFoundGeocouchId && strcmp(it.key, "_rev") == 0 )
                {
                    bFoundRev = true;
                }
                else if( bFoundRev && strcmp(it.key, "type") == 0 &&
                         it.val != nullptr &&
                         json_object_get_type(it.val) == json_type_string &&
                         strcmp(json_object_get_string(it.val),
                                "Feature") == 0 )
                {
                    bFoundTypeFeature = true;
                }
                else if( bFoundTypeFeature &&
                         strcmp(it.key, "properties") == 0 &&
                         it.val != nullptr &&
                         json_object_get_type(it.val) == json_type_object )
                {
                    if( bFlattenGeocouchSpatiallistFormat < 0 )
                        bFlattenGeocouchSpatiallistFormat = CPLTestBool(
                            CPLGetConfigOption("GEOJSON_FLATTEN_GEOCOUCH",
                                               "TRUE"));
                    if( bFlattenGeocouchSpatiallistFormat )
                    {
                        poDefn->DeleteFieldDefn(poDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive("type"));
                        bIsGeocouchSpatiallistFormat = true;
                        return GenerateFeatureDefn(poLayer, poObj);
                    }
                }
            }

            OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField(poDefn, it.key, it.val,
                                             bFlattenNestedAttributes_,
                                             chNestedAttributeSeparator_,
                                             bArrayAsString_,
                                             aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields_);
        }

        bSuccess = true;  // SUCCESS
    }
    else if( nullptr != poObjPropsEntry &&
             ( poObjProps == nullptr ||
               (json_object_get_type(poObjProps) == json_type_array &&
                json_object_array_length(poObjProps) == 0) ) )
    {
        // Ignore "properties": null and "properties": []
        bSuccess = true;
    }
    else if( poObj != nullptr && json_object_get_type(poObj) == json_type_object )
    {
        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        json_object_object_foreachC( poObj, it )
        {
            if( strcmp(it.key, "type") != 0 &&
                strcmp(it.key, "geometry") != 0 &&
                strcmp(it.key, "centroid") != 0 &&
                strcmp(it.key, "bbox") != 0 &&
                strcmp(it.key, "center") != 0 )
            {
                int nFldIndex = poDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive( it.key );
                if( -1 == nFldIndex )
                {
                    OGRGeoJSONReaderAddOrUpdateField(poDefn, it.key, it.val,
                                                    bFlattenNestedAttributes_,
                                                    chNestedAttributeSeparator_,
                                                    bArrayAsString_,
                                                    aoSetUndeterminedTypeFields_);
                }
            }
        }

        bSuccess = true; // SUCCESS
        // CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
        //          "Invalid Feature object. "
        //          "Missing \'properties\' member." );
    }

    return bSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           AddFeature                                 */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReader::AddFeature( OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                   OGRGeometry* poGeometry )
{
    bool bAdded = false;

    // TODO: Should we check if geometry is of type of wkbGeometryCollection?

    if( nullptr != poGeometry )
    {
        OGRFeature* poFeature = new OGRFeature( poLayer->GetLayerDefn() );
        poFeature->SetGeometryDirectly( poGeometry );

        bAdded = AddFeature( poLayer, poFeature );
    }

    return bAdded;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           AddFeature                                 */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReader::AddFeature( OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                   OGRFeature* poFeature )
{
    if( poFeature == nullptr )
        return false;

    poLayer->AddFeature( poFeature );
    delete poFeature;

    return true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReadGeometry                               */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry* OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::ReadGeometry( json_object* poObj,
                                             OGRSpatialReference* poLayerSRS )
{
    OGRGeometry* poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( poObj, poLayerSRS );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Wrap geometry with GeometryCollection as a common denominator.  */
/*      Sometimes a GeoJSON text may consist of objects of different    */
/*      geometry types. Users may request wrapping all geometries with  */
/*      OGRGeometryCollection type by using option                      */
/*      GEOMETRY_AS_COLLECTION=NO|YES (NO is default).                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nullptr != poGeometry )
    {
        if( !bGeometryPreserve_
            && wkbGeometryCollection != poGeometry->getGeometryType() )
        {
            OGRGeometryCollection* poMetaGeometry = new OGRGeometryCollection();
            poMetaGeometry->addGeometryDirectly( poGeometry );
            return poMetaGeometry;
        }
    }

    return poGeometry;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                OGRGeoJSONReaderSetFieldNestedAttribute()             */
/************************************************************************/

static void OGRGeoJSONReaderSetFieldNestedAttribute( OGRLayer* poLayer,
                                                     OGRFeature* poFeature,
                                                     const char* pszAttrPrefix,
                                                     char chSeparator,
                                                     json_object* poVal )
{
    json_object_iter it;
    it.key = nullptr;
    it.val = nullptr;
    it.entry = nullptr;
    json_object_object_foreachC( poVal, it )
    {
        const char szSeparator[2] = { chSeparator, '\0' };
        const CPLString osAttrName(
            CPLSPrintf("%s%s%s", pszAttrPrefix, szSeparator, it.key));
        if( it.val != nullptr && json_object_get_type(it.val) == json_type_object )
        {
            OGRGeoJSONReaderSetFieldNestedAttribute(poLayer, poFeature,
                                                    osAttrName, chSeparator,
                                                    it.val);
        }
        else
        {
            const int nField = poFeature->GetDefnRef()->
                GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive(osAttrName);
            OGRGeoJSONReaderSetField(poLayer, poFeature, nField,
                                        osAttrName, it.val, false, 0);
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                   OGRGeoJSONReaderSetField()                         */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeoJSONReaderSetField( OGRLayer* poLayer,
                               OGRFeature* poFeature,
                               int nField,
                               const char* pszAttrPrefix,
                               json_object* poVal,
                               bool bFlattenNestedAttributes,
                               char chNestedAttributeSeparator )
{
    if( bFlattenNestedAttributes &&
        poVal != nullptr && json_object_get_type(poVal) == json_type_object )
    {
        OGRGeoJSONReaderSetFieldNestedAttribute(poLayer,
                                                poFeature,
                                                pszAttrPrefix,
                                                chNestedAttributeSeparator,
                                                poVal);
        return;
    }
    if( nField < 0 )
        return;

    OGRFieldDefn* poFieldDefn = poFeature->GetFieldDefnRef(nField);
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poFieldDefn );
    OGRFieldType eType = poFieldDefn->GetType();

    if( poVal == nullptr)
    {
        poFeature->SetFieldNull( nField );
    }
    else if( OFTInteger == eType )
    {
        poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_int(poVal) );

        // Check if FID available and set correct value.
        if( EQUAL( poFieldDefn->GetNameRef(), poLayer->GetFIDColumn() ) )
            poFeature->SetFID( json_object_get_int(poVal) );
    }
    else if( OFTInteger64 == eType )
    {
        poFeature->SetField( nField, (GIntBig)json_object_get_int64(poVal) );

        // Check if FID available and set correct value.
        if( EQUAL( poFieldDefn->GetNameRef(), poLayer->GetFIDColumn() ) )
            poFeature->SetFID(
                static_cast<GIntBig>(json_object_get_int64(poVal)));
    }
    else if( OFTReal == eType )
    {
        poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_double(poVal) );
    }
    else if( OFTIntegerList == eType )
    {
        const enum json_type eJSonType(json_object_get_type(poVal));
        if( eJSonType == json_type_array )
        {
            const auto nLength = json_object_array_length(poVal);
            int* panVal = static_cast<int *>(CPLMalloc(sizeof(int) * nLength));
            for( auto i = decltype(nLength){0}; i < nLength; i++ )
            {
                json_object* poRow = json_object_array_get_idx(poVal, i);
                panVal[i] = json_object_get_int(poRow);
            }
            poFeature->SetField( nField, static_cast<int>(nLength), panVal );
            CPLFree(panVal);
        }
        else if ( eJSonType == json_type_boolean ||
                  eJSonType == json_type_int )
        {
            poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_int(poVal) );
        }
    }
    else if( OFTInteger64List == eType )
    {
        const enum json_type eJSonType(json_object_get_type(poVal));
        if( eJSonType == json_type_array )
        {
            const auto nLength = json_object_array_length(poVal);
            GIntBig* panVal =
                static_cast<GIntBig *>(CPLMalloc(sizeof(GIntBig) * nLength));
            for( auto i = decltype(nLength){0}; i < nLength; i++ )
            {
                json_object* poRow = json_object_array_get_idx(poVal, i);
                panVal[i] = static_cast<GIntBig>(json_object_get_int64(poRow));
            }
            poFeature->SetField( nField, static_cast<int>(nLength), panVal );
            CPLFree(panVal);
        }
        else if ( eJSonType == json_type_boolean ||
                  eJSonType == json_type_int )
        {
            poFeature->SetField( nField,
                        static_cast<GIntBig>(json_object_get_int64(poVal)));
        }
    }
    else if( OFTRealList == eType )
    {
        const enum json_type eJSonType(json_object_get_type(poVal));
        if( eJSonType == json_type_array )
        {
            const auto nLength = json_object_array_length(poVal);
            double* padfVal =
                static_cast<double *>(CPLMalloc(sizeof(double) * nLength));
            for( auto i = decltype(nLength){0}; i < nLength;i++ )
            {
                json_object* poRow = json_object_array_get_idx(poVal, i);
                padfVal[i] = json_object_get_double(poRow);
            }
            poFeature->SetField( nField, static_cast<int>(nLength), padfVal );
            CPLFree(padfVal);
        }
        else if ( eJSonType == json_type_boolean ||
                  eJSonType == json_type_int || eJSonType == json_type_double )
        {
            poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_double(poVal) );
        }
    }
    else if( OFTStringList == eType )
    {
        const enum json_type eJSonType(json_object_get_type(poVal));
        if( eJSonType == json_type_array )
        {
            const auto nLength = json_object_array_length(poVal);
            char** papszVal = (char**)CPLMalloc(sizeof(char*) * (nLength+1));
            auto i = decltype(nLength){0};
            for( ; i < nLength; i++ )
            {
                json_object* poRow = json_object_array_get_idx(poVal, i);
                const char* pszVal = json_object_get_string(poRow);
                if( pszVal == nullptr )
                    break;
                papszVal[i] = CPLStrdup(pszVal);
            }
            papszVal[i] = nullptr;
            poFeature->SetField( nField, papszVal );
            CSLDestroy(papszVal);
        }
        else
        {
            poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_string(poVal) );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        poFeature->SetField( nField, json_object_get_string(poVal) );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReadFeature()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature* OGRGeoJSONBaseReader::ReadFeature( OGRLayer* poLayer,
                                           json_object* poObj,
                                           const char* pszSerializedObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    OGRFeatureDefn* poFDefn = poLayer->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeature* poFeature = new OGRFeature( poFDefn );

    if( bStoreNativeData_ )
    {
        poFeature->SetNativeData( pszSerializedObj ? pszSerializedObj :
                                  json_object_to_json_string( poObj ) );
        poFeature->SetNativeMediaType( "application/vnd.geo+json" );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Translate GeoJSON "properties" object to feature attributes.    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poFeature );

    json_object* poObjProps = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "properties" );
    if( !bAttributesSkip_ && nullptr != poObjProps &&
        json_object_get_type(poObjProps) == json_type_object )
    {
        if( bIsGeocouchSpatiallistFormat )
        {
            json_object* poId = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "_id");
            if( poId != nullptr && json_object_get_type(poId) == json_type_string )
                poFeature->SetField( "_id", json_object_get_string(poId) );

            json_object* poRev = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "_rev");
            if( poRev != nullptr &&
                json_object_get_type(poRev) == json_type_string )
            {
                poFeature->SetField( "_rev", json_object_get_string(poRev) );
            }

            poObjProps = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObjProps, "properties");
            if( nullptr == poObjProps ||
                json_object_get_type(poObjProps) != json_type_object )
            {
                return poFeature;
            }
        }

        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        json_object_object_foreachC( poObjProps, it )
        {
            const int nField = poFDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive(it.key);
            if( nField < 0 &&
                !( bFlattenNestedAttributes_ && it.val != nullptr &&
                   json_object_get_type(it.val) == json_type_object) )
            {
                CPLDebug("GeoJSON", "Cannot find field %s", it.key);
            }
            else
            {
                OGRGeoJSONReaderSetField(poLayer, poFeature, nField,
                                            it.key, it.val,
                                            bFlattenNestedAttributes_,
                                            chNestedAttributeSeparator_);
            }
        }
    }

    if( !bAttributesSkip_ && nullptr == poObjProps )
    {
        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        json_object_object_foreachC( poObj, it )
        {
            const int nFldIndex = poFDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive(it.key);
            if( nFldIndex >= 0 )
            {
                if( it.val )
                    poFeature->SetField(nFldIndex, json_object_get_string(it.val) );
                else
                    poFeature->SetFieldNull(nFldIndex );
            }
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Try to use feature-level ID if available                        */
/*      and of integral type. Otherwise, leave unset (-1) then index    */
/*      in features sequence will be used as FID.                       */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    json_object* poObjId = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "id" );
    if( nullptr != poObjId && bFeatureLevelIdAsFID_ )
    {
      poFeature->SetFID(
          static_cast<GIntBig>(json_object_get_int64( poObjId )) );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Handle the case where the special id is in a regular field.     */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( nullptr != poObjId )
    {
        const int nIdx = poFDefn->GetFieldIndexCaseSensitive( "id" );
        if( nIdx >= 0 && !poFeature->IsFieldSet(nIdx) )
        {
            poFeature->SetField(nIdx, json_object_get_string(poObjId));
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Translate geometry sub-object of GeoJSON Feature.               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    json_object* poObjGeom = nullptr;
    json_object* poTmp = poObj;
    json_object_iter it;
    it.key = nullptr;
    it.val = nullptr;
    it.entry = nullptr;
    json_object_object_foreachC(poTmp, it)
    {
        if( EQUAL( it.key, "geometry" ) )
        {
            if( it.val != nullptr )
                poObjGeom = it.val;
            // Done.  They had 'geometry':null.
            else
                return poFeature;
        }
    }

    if( nullptr != poObjGeom )
    {
        // NOTE: If geometry can not be parsed or read correctly
        //       then NULL geometry is assigned to a feature and
        //       geometry type for layer is classified as wkbUnknown.
        OGRGeometry* poGeometry = ReadGeometry( poObjGeom,
                                                poLayer->GetSpatialRef() );
        if( nullptr != poGeometry )
        {
            poFeature->SetGeometryDirectly( poGeometry );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        static bool bWarned = false;
        if( !bWarned )
        {
            bWarned = true;
            CPLDebug(
                "GeoJSON",
                "Non conformant Feature object. Missing \'geometry\' member.");
        }
    }

    return poFeature;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReadFeatureCollection()                    */
/************************************************************************/

void
OGRGeoJSONReader::ReadFeatureCollection( OGRGeoJSONLayer* poLayer,
                                         json_object* poObj )
{
    json_object* poObjFeatures = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName(poObj, "features");
    if( nullptr == poObjFeatures )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid FeatureCollection object. "
                  "Missing \'features\' member." );
        return;
    }

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjFeatures ) )
    {
        const auto nFeatures = json_object_array_length( poObjFeatures );
        for( auto i = decltype(nFeatures){0}; i < nFeatures; ++i )
        {
            json_object* poObjFeature
                = json_object_array_get_idx( poObjFeatures, i );
            OGRFeature* poFeature = ReadFeature( poLayer, poObjFeature, nullptr );
            AddFeature( poLayer, poFeature );
        }
    }

    // Collect top objects except 'type' and the 'features' array.
    if( bStoreNativeData_ )
    {
        json_object_iter it;
        it.key = nullptr;
        it.val = nullptr;
        it.entry = nullptr;
        CPLString osNativeData;
        json_object_object_foreachC(poObj, it)
        {
            if( strcmp(it.key, "type") == 0 ||
                strcmp(it.key, "features") == 0 )
            {
                continue;
            }
            if( osNativeData.empty() )
                osNativeData = "{ ";
            else
                osNativeData += ", ";
            json_object* poKey = json_object_new_string(it.key);
            osNativeData += json_object_to_json_string(poKey);
            json_object_put(poKey);
            osNativeData += ": ";
            osNativeData += json_object_to_json_string(it.val);
        }
        if( osNativeData.empty() )
        {
            osNativeData = "{ ";
        }
        osNativeData += " }";

        osNativeData = "NATIVE_DATA=" + osNativeData;

        char *apszMetadata[3] = {
            const_cast<char *>(osNativeData.c_str()),
            const_cast<char *>("NATIVE_MEDIA_TYPE=application/vnd.geo+json"),
            nullptr
        };

        poLayer->SetMetadata( apszMetadata, "NATIVE_DATA" );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName                 */
/************************************************************************/

lh_entry* OGRGeoJSONFindMemberEntryByName( json_object* poObj,
                                         const char* pszName )
{
    if( nullptr == pszName || nullptr == poObj)
        return nullptr;

    json_object* poTmp = poObj;

    json_object_iter it;
    it.key = nullptr;
    it.val = nullptr;
    it.entry = nullptr;
    if( nullptr != json_object_get_object(poTmp) &&
        nullptr != json_object_get_object(poTmp)->head )
    {
        it.entry = json_object_get_object(poTmp)->head;
        while( it.entry != nullptr )
        {
            it.key = (char*)it.entry->k;
            it.val = (json_object*)it.entry->v;
            if( EQUAL( it.key, pszName ) )
                return it.entry;
            it.entry = it.entry->next;
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

json_object* OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( json_object* poObj,
                                         const char* pszName )
{
    lh_entry* entry = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberEntryByName( poObj, pszName );
    if ( nullptr == entry )
        return nullptr;
    return (json_object*)entry->v;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONGetType                          */
/************************************************************************/

GeoJSONObject::Type OGRGeoJSONGetType( json_object* poObj )
{
    if( nullptr == poObj )
        return GeoJSONObject::eUnknown;

    json_object* poObjType = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "type" );
    if( nullptr == poObjType )
        return GeoJSONObject::eUnknown;

    const char* name = json_object_get_string( poObjType );
    if( EQUAL( name, "Point" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::ePoint;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "LineString" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eLineString;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "Polygon" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::ePolygon;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "MultiPoint" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eMultiPoint;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "MultiLineString" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eMultiLineString;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "MultiPolygon" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eMultiPolygon;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "GeometryCollection" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eGeometryCollection;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "Feature" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eFeature;
    else if( EQUAL( name, "FeatureCollection" ) )
        return GeoJSONObject::eFeatureCollection;
    else
        return GeoJSONObject::eUnknown;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry                     */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry* OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( json_object* poObj )
{
    return OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry(poObj, nullptr);
}

static
OGRGeometry* OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( json_object* poObj,
                                     OGRSpatialReference* poParentSRS )
{

    OGRGeometry* poGeometry = nullptr;
    OGRSpatialReference* poSRS = nullptr;
    lh_entry* entry = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberEntryByName( poObj, "crs" );
    if (entry != nullptr )
    {
        json_object* poObjSrs = (json_object*)entry->v;
        if( poObjSrs != nullptr )
        {
            poSRS = OGRGeoJSONReadSpatialReference(poObj);
        }
    }

    OGRSpatialReference* poSRSToAssign = nullptr;
    if ( entry != nullptr )
    {
        poSRSToAssign = poSRS;
    }
    else if( poParentSRS )
    {
        poSRSToAssign = poParentSRS;
    }
    else
    {
        // Assign WGS84 if no CRS defined on geometry.
        poSRSToAssign = OGRSpatialReference::GetWGS84SRS();
    }

    GeoJSONObject::Type objType = OGRGeoJSONGetType( poObj );
    if( GeoJSONObject::ePoint == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadPoint( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eMultiPoint == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPoint( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eLineString == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadLineString( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eMultiLineString == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadMultiLineString( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::ePolygon == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadPolygon( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eMultiPolygon == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPolygon( poObj );
    else if( GeoJSONObject::eGeometryCollection == objType )
        poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadGeometryCollection( poObj, poSRSToAssign );
    else
    {
        CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                  "Unsupported geometry type detected. "
                  "Feature gets NULL geometry assigned." );
    }

    if( poGeometry && GeoJSONObject::eGeometryCollection != objType )
        poGeometry->assignSpatialReference(poSRSToAssign);

    if( poSRS )
        poSRS->Release();

    return poGeometry;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRGeoJSONGetCoordinate()                     */
/************************************************************************/

static double OGRGeoJSONGetCoordinate( json_object* poObj,
                                       const char* pszCoordName,
                                       int nIndex,
                                       bool& bValid )
{
    json_object* poObjCoord = json_object_array_get_idx( poObj, nIndex );
    if( nullptr == poObjCoord )
    {
        CPLDebug( "GeoJSON", "Point: got null object for %s.", pszCoordName );
        bValid = false;
        return 0.0;
    }

    const int iType = json_object_get_type(poObjCoord);
    if( json_type_double != iType && json_type_int != iType )
    {
        CPLError(
            CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
            "Invalid '%s' coordinate. "
            "Type is not double or integer for \'%s\'.",
            pszCoordName,
            json_object_to_json_string(poObjCoord) );
        bValid = false;
        return 0.0;
    }

    return json_object_get_double( poObjCoord );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint                     */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint( json_object* poObj, OGRPoint& point )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObj ) )
    {
        const auto nSize = json_object_array_length( poObj );

        if( nSize < GeoJSONObject::eMinCoordinateDimension )
        {
            CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                      "Invalid coord dimension. "
                      "At least 2 dimensions must be present." );
            return false;
        }

        bool bValid = true;
        const double dfX = OGRGeoJSONGetCoordinate(poObj, "x", 0, bValid);
        const double dfY = OGRGeoJSONGetCoordinate(poObj, "y", 1, bValid);
        point.setX(dfX);
        point.setY(dfY);

        // Read Z coordinate.
        if( nSize >= GeoJSONObject::eMaxCoordinateDimension )
        {
            // Don't *expect* mixed-dimension geometries, although the
            // spec doesn't explicitly forbid this.
            const double dfZ = OGRGeoJSONGetCoordinate(poObj, "z", 2, bValid);
            point.setZ(dfZ);
        }
        else
        {
            point.flattenTo2D();
        }
        return bValid;
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadPoint                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRPoint* OGRGeoJSONReadPoint( json_object* poObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjCoords = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName(poObj, "coordinates");
    if( nullptr == poObjCoords )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid Point object. Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRPoint* poPoint = new OGRPoint();
    if( !OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint( poObjCoords, *poPoint ) )
    {
        CPLDebug( "GeoJSON", "Point: raw point parsing failure." );
        delete poPoint;
        return nullptr;
    }

    return poPoint;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPoint                   */
/************************************************************************/

OGRMultiPoint* OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPoint( json_object* poObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjPoints = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName(poObj, "coordinates");
    if( nullptr == poObjPoints )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid MultiPoint object. "
                  "Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRMultiPoint* poMultiPoint = nullptr;
    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjPoints ) )
    {
        const auto nPoints = json_object_array_length( poObjPoints );

        poMultiPoint = new OGRMultiPoint();

        for( auto i = decltype(nPoints){0}; i < nPoints; ++i)
        {
            json_object* poObjCoords =
                json_object_array_get_idx( poObjPoints, i );

            OGRPoint pt;
            if( poObjCoords != nullptr &&
                !OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint( poObjCoords, pt ) )
            {
                delete poMultiPoint;
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                          "LineString: raw point parsing failure." );
                return nullptr;
            }
            poMultiPoint->addGeometry( &pt );
        }
    }

    return poMultiPoint;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadLineString                   */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLineString* OGRGeoJSONReadLineString( json_object* poObj , bool bRaw )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjPoints = nullptr;

    if( !bRaw )
    {
        poObjPoints = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "coordinates" );
        if( nullptr == poObjPoints )
        {
            CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                    "Invalid LineString object. "
                    "Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
                return nullptr;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        poObjPoints = poObj;
    }

    OGRLineString* poLine = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjPoints ) )
    {
        const auto nPoints = json_object_array_length( poObjPoints );

        poLine = new OGRLineString();
        poLine->setNumPoints( static_cast<int>(nPoints) );

        for( auto i = decltype(nPoints){0}; i < nPoints; ++i)
        {
            json_object* poObjCoords =
                json_object_array_get_idx(poObjPoints, i);
            if( poObjCoords == nullptr )
            {
                delete poLine;
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                          "LineString: got null object." );
                return nullptr;
            }

            OGRPoint pt;
            if( !OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint( poObjCoords, pt ) )
            {
                delete poLine;
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                          "LineString: raw point parsing failure." );
                return nullptr;
            }
            if( pt.getCoordinateDimension() == 2 )
            {
                poLine->setPoint( static_cast<int>(i), pt.getX(), pt.getY());
            }
            else
            {
                poLine->setPoint( static_cast<int>(i), pt.getX(), pt.getY(), pt.getZ() );
            }
        }
    }

    return poLine;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadMultiLineString              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRMultiLineString* OGRGeoJSONReadMultiLineString( json_object* poObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjLines = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName(poObj, "coordinates");
    if( nullptr == poObjLines )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid MultiLineString object. "
                  "Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRMultiLineString* poMultiLine = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjLines ) )
    {
        const auto nLines = json_object_array_length( poObjLines );

        poMultiLine = new OGRMultiLineString();

        for( auto i = decltype(nLines){0}; i < nLines; ++i)
        {
            json_object* poObjLine = json_object_array_get_idx( poObjLines, i );

            OGRLineString* poLine;
            if( poObjLine != nullptr )
                poLine = OGRGeoJSONReadLineString( poObjLine , true );
            else
                poLine = new OGRLineString();

            if( nullptr != poLine )
            {
                poMultiLine->addGeometryDirectly( poLine );
            }
        }
    }

    return poMultiLine;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadLinearRing                   */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLinearRing* OGRGeoJSONReadLinearRing( json_object* poObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    OGRLinearRing* poRing = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObj ) )
    {
        const auto nPoints = json_object_array_length( poObj );

        poRing= new OGRLinearRing();
        poRing->setNumPoints( static_cast<int>(nPoints) );

        for( auto i = decltype(nPoints){0}; i < nPoints; ++i)
        {
            json_object* poObjCoords = json_object_array_get_idx( poObj, i );
            if( poObjCoords == nullptr )
            {
                delete poRing;
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                          "LinearRing: got null object." );
                return nullptr;
            }

            OGRPoint pt;
            if( !OGRGeoJSONReadRawPoint( poObjCoords, pt ) )
            {
                delete poRing;
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON",
                          "LinearRing: raw point parsing failure." );
                return nullptr;
            }

            if( 2 == pt.getCoordinateDimension() )
                poRing->setPoint( static_cast<int>(i), pt.getX(), pt.getY());
            else
                poRing->setPoint( static_cast<int>(i), pt.getX(), pt.getY(), pt.getZ() );
        }
    }

    return poRing;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadPolygon                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRPolygon* OGRGeoJSONReadPolygon( json_object* poObj , bool bRaw )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjRings = nullptr;

    if( !bRaw )
    {
        poObjRings = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "coordinates" );
        if( nullptr == poObjRings )
        {
            CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                      "Invalid Polygon object. "
                      "Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
            return nullptr;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        poObjRings = poObj;
    }

    OGRPolygon* poPolygon = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjRings ) )
    {
        const auto nRings = json_object_array_length( poObjRings );
        if( nRings > 0 )
        {
            json_object* poObjPoints = json_object_array_get_idx(poObjRings, 0);
            if( poObjPoints == nullptr )
            {
                poPolygon = new OGRPolygon();
                poPolygon->addRingDirectly( new OGRLinearRing() );
            }
            else
            {
                OGRLinearRing* poRing = OGRGeoJSONReadLinearRing( poObjPoints );
                if( nullptr != poRing )
                {
                    poPolygon = new OGRPolygon();
                    poPolygon->addRingDirectly( poRing );
                }
            }

            for( auto i = decltype(nRings){1}; i < nRings && nullptr != poPolygon; ++i )
            {
                poObjPoints = json_object_array_get_idx( poObjRings, i );
                if( poObjPoints == nullptr )
                {
                    poPolygon->addRingDirectly( new OGRLinearRing() );
                }
                else
                {
                    OGRLinearRing* poRing =
                        OGRGeoJSONReadLinearRing( poObjPoints );
                    if( nullptr != poRing )
                    {
                        poPolygon->addRingDirectly( poRing );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return poPolygon;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPolygon                 */
/************************************************************************/

OGRMultiPolygon* OGRGeoJSONReadMultiPolygon( json_object* poObj )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjPolys =
        OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "coordinates" );
    if( nullptr == poObjPolys )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid MultiPolygon object. "
                  "Missing \'coordinates\' member." );
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRMultiPolygon* poMultiPoly = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjPolys ) )
    {
        const auto nPolys = json_object_array_length( poObjPolys );

        poMultiPoly = new OGRMultiPolygon();

        for( auto i = decltype(nPolys){0}; i < nPolys; ++i)
        {
            json_object* poObjPoly = json_object_array_get_idx( poObjPolys, i );
            if( poObjPoly == nullptr )
            {
                poMultiPoly->addGeometryDirectly( new OGRPolygon() );
            }
            else
            {
                OGRPolygon* poPoly = OGRGeoJSONReadPolygon( poObjPoly , true );
                if( nullptr != poPoly )
                {
                    poMultiPoly->addGeometryDirectly( poPoly );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return poMultiPoly;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRGeoJSONReadGeometryCollection           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometryCollection* OGRGeoJSONReadGeometryCollection( json_object* poObj,
                                                         OGRSpatialReference* poSRS )
{
    CPLAssert( nullptr != poObj );

    json_object* poObjGeoms = OGRGeoJSONFindMemberByName( poObj, "geometries" );
    if( nullptr == poObjGeoms )
    {
        CPLError( CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                  "Invalid GeometryCollection object. "
                  "Missing \'geometries\' member." );
        return nullptr;
    }

    OGRGeometryCollection* poCollection = nullptr;

    if( json_type_array == json_object_get_type( poObjGeoms ) )
    {
        poCollection = new OGRGeometryCollection();
        poCollection->assignSpatialReference(poSRS);

        const auto nGeoms = json_object_array_length( poObjGeoms );
        for( auto i = decltype(nGeoms){0}; i < nGeoms; ++i )
        {
            json_object* poObjGeom = json_object_array_get_idx( poObjGeoms, i );
            if( poObjGeom == nullptr )
            {
                CPLDebug( "GeoJSON", "Skipping null sub-geometry");
                continue;
            }

            OGRGeometry* poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( poObjGeom, poSRS );
            if( nullptr != poGeometry )
            {
                poCollection->addGeometryDirectly( poGeometry );
            }
        }
    }

    return poCollection;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_G_CreateGeometryFromJson                   */
/************************************************************************/

/** Create a OGR geometry from a GeoJSON geometry object */
OGRGeometryH OGR_G_CreateGeometryFromJson( const char* pszJson )
{
    if( nullptr == pszJson )
    {
        // Translation failed.
        return nullptr;
    }

    json_object *poObj = nullptr;
    if( !OGRJSonParse(pszJson, &poObj) )
        return nullptr;

    OGRGeometry* poGeometry = OGRGeoJSONReadGeometry( poObj );

    // Release JSON tree.
    json_object_put( poObj );

    return (OGRGeometryH)poGeometry;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       json_ex_get_object_by_path()                   */
/************************************************************************/

json_object* json_ex_get_object_by_path( json_object* poObj,
                                         const char* pszPath )
{
    if( poObj == nullptr || json_object_get_type(poObj) != json_type_object ||
        pszPath == nullptr || *pszPath == '\0' )
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    char** papszTokens = CSLTokenizeString2( pszPath, ".", 0 );
    for( int i = 0; papszTokens[i] != nullptr; i++ )
    {
        poObj = CPL_json_object_object_get(poObj, papszTokens[i]);
        if( poObj == nullptr )
            break;
        if( papszTokens[i+1] != nullptr )
        {
            if( json_object_get_type(poObj) != json_type_object )
            {
                poObj = nullptr;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    CSLDestroy(papszTokens);
    return poObj;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             OGRJSonParse()                           */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRJSonParse( const char* pszText, json_object** ppoObj,
                   bool bVerboseError )
{
    if( ppoObj == nullptr )
        return false;
    json_tokener* jstok = json_tokener_new();
    const int nLen = pszText == nullptr ? 0 : static_cast<int>(strlen(pszText));
    *ppoObj = json_tokener_parse_ex(jstok, pszText, nLen);
    if( jstok->err != json_tokener_success)
    {
        if( bVerboseError )
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "JSON parsing error: %s (at offset %d)",
                     json_tokener_error_desc(jstok->err), jstok->char_offset);
        }

        json_tokener_free(jstok);
        *ppoObj = nullptr;
        return false;
    }
    json_tokener_free(jstok);
    return true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    CPL_json_object_object_get()                      */
/************************************************************************/

// This is the same as json_object_object_get() except it will not raise
// deprecation warning.

json_object*  CPL_json_object_object_get(struct json_object* obj,
                                         const char *key)
{
    json_object* poRet = nullptr;
    json_object_object_get_ex(obj, key, &poRet);
    return poRet;
}
