#!/usr/bin/env pytest
###############################################################################
# $Id: vsis3.py a77e6e7737c6bd8fa7a4039681e4569a06966fc0 2018-12-14 11:41:33 +0100 Even Rouault $
#
# Project:  GDAL/OGR Test Suite
# Purpose:  Test /vsis3
# Author:   Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
#
###############################################################################
# Copyright (c) 2015, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys dot com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
###############################################################################

import os.path
import stat
import sys
from osgeo import gdal


import gdaltest
import webserver
import pytest


def open_for_read(uri):
    """
    Opens a test file for reading.
    """
    return gdal.VSIFOpenExL(uri, 'rb', 1)

###############################################################################


def test_vsis3_init():

    gdaltest.aws_vars = {}
    for var in ('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', 'AWS_TIMESTAMP', 'AWS_HTTPS', 'AWS_VIRTUAL_HOSTING', 'AWS_S3_ENDPOINT', 'AWS_REQUEST_PAYER', 'AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE', 'AWS_NO_SIGN_REQUEST'):
        gdaltest.aws_vars[var] = gdal.GetConfigOption(var)
        if gdaltest.aws_vars[var] is not None:
            gdal.SetConfigOption(var, "")

    # To avoid user AWS credentials in ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config
    # to mess up our tests
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL', '')

    assert gdal.GetSignedURL('/vsis3/foo/bar') is None

###############################################################################
# Test AWS_NO_SIGN_REQUEST=YES


def test_vsis3_no_sign_request():

    if not gdaltest.built_against_curl():
        pytest.skip()

    with gdaltest.config_option('AWS_NO_SIGN_REQUEST', 'YES'):
        actual_url = gdal.GetActualURL('/vsis3/landsat-pds/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF')
        assert actual_url == 'https://landsat-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF'

        actual_url = gdal.GetActualURL('/vsis3_streaming/landsat-pds/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF')
        assert actual_url == 'https://landsat-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF'

        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/landsat-pds/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF')

    if f is None:
        if gdaltest.gdalurlopen('https://landsat-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/L8/001/002/LC80010022016230LGN00/LC80010022016230LGN00_B1.TIF') is None:
            pytest.skip('cannot open URL')
        pytest.fail()
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

###############################################################################
# Error cases


def test_vsis3_1():

    if not gdaltest.built_against_curl():
        pytest.skip()

    # Missing AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/foo/bar')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY') >= 0

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/foo/bar')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY') >= 0

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', 'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')

    # Missing AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/foo/bar')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID') >= 0

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')

    # ERROR 1: The AWS Access Key Id you provided does not exist in our records.
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/foo/bar.baz')
    if f is not None or gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg() == '':
        if f is not None:
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
        if gdal.GetConfigOption('APPVEYOR') is not None:
            return
        pytest.fail(gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg())

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/foo/bar.baz')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg() != ''

###############################################################################


def test_vsis3_start_webserver():

    gdaltest.webserver_process = None
    gdaltest.webserver_port = 0

    if not gdaltest.built_against_curl():
        pytest.skip()

    (gdaltest.webserver_process, gdaltest.webserver_port) = webserver.launch(handler=webserver.DispatcherHttpHandler)
    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', 'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_TIMESTAMP', '20150101T000000Z')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_HTTPS', 'NO')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_VIRTUAL_HOSTING', 'NO')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_S3_ENDPOINT', '127.0.0.1:%d' % gdaltest.webserver_port)


def get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method(request):
    request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'

    if 'Authorization' not in request.headers:
        sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
        request.send_response(403)
        return
    expected_authorization_8080 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date,Signature=38901846b865b12ac492bc005bb394ca8d60c098b68db57c084fac686a932f9e'
    expected_authorization_8081 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date,Signature=9f623b7ffce76188a456c70fb4813eb31969e88d130d6b4d801b3accbf050d6c'
    if request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8080 and request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8081:
        sys.stderr.write("Bad Authorization: '%s'\n" % str(request.headers['Authorization']))
        request.send_response(403)
        return

    request.send_response(200)
    request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
    request.send_header('Content-Length', 3)
    request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
    request.end_headers()
    request.wfile.write("""foo""".encode('ascii'))

###############################################################################
# Test with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_2():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    signed_url = gdal.GetSignedURL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
    expected_url_8080 = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/s3_fake_bucket/resource?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%2F20150101%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20150101T000000Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=dca239dd95f72ff8c37c15c840afc54cd19bdb07f7aaee2223108b5b0ad35da8&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host'
    expected_url_8081 = 'http://127.0.0.1:8081/s3_fake_bucket/resource?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%2F20150101%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20150101T000000Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ef5216bc5971863414c69f6ca095276c0d62c0da97fa4f6ab80c30bd7fc146ac&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host'
    assert signed_url in (expected_url_8080, expected_url_8081)

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

        assert data == 'foo'

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'

        if 'Authorization' not in request.headers:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)
            return
        expected_authorization_8080 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-security-token,Signature=464a21835038b4f4d292b6463b8a005b9aaa980513aa8c42fc170abb733dce85'
        expected_authorization_8081 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-security-token,Signature=b10e91575186342f9f2acfc91c4c2c9938c4a9e8cdcbc043d09d59d9641ad7fb'
        if request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8080 and request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8081:
            sys.stderr.write("Bad Authorization: '%s'\n" % str(request.headers['Authorization']))
            request.send_response(403)
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 3)
        request.end_headers()
        request.wfile.write("""foo""".encode('ascii'))

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket_with_session_token/resource', custom_method=method)

    # Test with temporary credentials
    with gdaltest.config_option('AWS_SESSION_TOKEN', 'AWS_SESSION_TOKEN'):
        with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket_with_session_token/resource')
            assert f is not None
            data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if 'Range' in request.headers:
            if request.headers['Range'] != 'bytes=0-16383':
                sys.stderr.write("Bad Range: '%s'\n" % str(request.headers['Range']))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            request.send_response(206)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
            request.send_header('Content-Range', 'bytes 0-16383/1000000')
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 16384)
            request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(('a' * 16384).encode('ascii'))
        else:
            request.send_response(200)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 1000000)
            request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(('a' * 1000000).encode('ascii'))

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource2.bin', custom_method=method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        # old_val = gdal.GetConfigOption('GDAL_DISABLE_READDIR_ON_OPEN')
        # gdal.SetConfigOption('GDAL_DISABLE_READDIR_ON_OPEN', 'EMPTY_DIR')
        stat_res = gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource2.bin')
        # gdal.SetConfigOption('GDAL_DISABLE_READDIR_ON_OPEN', old_val)
        if stat_res is None or stat_res.size != 1000000:
            if stat_res is not None:
                print(stat_res.size)
            else:
                print(stat_res)
            pytest.fail()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('HEAD', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource2.bin', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'text/plain',
                 'Content-Length': 1000000,
                 'Connection': 'close'})
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        stat_res = gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/resource2.bin')
    if stat_res is None or stat_res.size != 1000000:
        if stat_res is not None:
            print(stat_res.size)
        else:
            print(stat_res)
        pytest.fail()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-east-1') >= 0:
            request.send_response(400)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code><Region>us-west-2</Region></Error>'
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/redirect', custom_method=method)

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0 and request.headers['Host'].startswith('127.0.0.1'):
            request.send_response(301)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>PermanentRedirect</Code><Endpoint>localhost:%d</Endpoint></Error>' % request.server.port
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/redirect', custom_method=method)

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0 and request.headers['Host'].startswith('localhost'):
            request.send_response(200)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 3)
            request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write("""foo""".encode('ascii'))
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/redirect', custom_method=method)

    # Test region and endpoint 'redirects'
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/redirect')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    if data != 'foo':

        if gdaltest.is_travis_branch('trusty'):
            pytest.skip('Skipped on trusty branch, but should be investigated')

        pytest.fail(data)

    # Test region and endpoint 'redirects'
    handler.req_count = 0
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/redirect')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        # /vsis3_streaming/ should have remembered the change of region and endpoint
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') < 0 or \
                not request.headers['Host'].startswith('localhost'):
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        request.send_response(400)
        response = 'bla'
        response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
        request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
        request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
        request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
        request.end_headers()
        request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/non_xml_error', custom_method=method)

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/non_xml_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('bla') >= 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><oops>'
    response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/invalid_xml_error', 400,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml',
                 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked',
                 'Connection': 'close'}, response)
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/invalid_xml_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('<oops>') >= 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error/>'
    response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/no_code_in_error', 400,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml',
                 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked',
                 'Connection': 'close'}, response)
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/no_code_in_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('<Error/>') >= 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code></Error>'
    response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/no_region_in_AuthorizationHeaderMalformed_error', 400,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml',
                 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked',
                 'Connection': 'close'}, response)
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/no_region_in_AuthorizationHeaderMalformed_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('<Error>') >= 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Code>PermanentRedirect</Code></Error>'
    response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/no_endpoint_in_PermanentRedirect_error', 400,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml',
                 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked',
                 'Connection': 'close'}, response)
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/no_endpoint_in_PermanentRedirect_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('<Error>') >= 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Code>bla</Code></Error>'
    response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/no_message_in_error', 400,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml',
                 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked',
                 'Connection': 'close'}, response)
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/s3_fake_bucket/no_message_in_error')
    assert f is None and gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg().find('<Error>') >= 0

    # Test with requester pays
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        if 'x-amz-request-payer' not in request.headers:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)
            return
        expected_authorization_8080 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-request-payer,Signature=cf713a394e1b629ac0e468d60d3d4a12f5236fd72d21b6005c758b0dfc7049cd'
        expected_authorization_8081 = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/20150101/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-request-payer,Signature=4756166679008a1a40cd6ff91dbbef670a71c11bf8e3c998dd7385577c3ac4d9'
        if request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8080 and request.headers['Authorization'] != expected_authorization_8081:
            sys.stderr.write("Bad Authorization: '%s'\n" % str(request.headers['Authorization']))
            request.send_response(403)
            return
        if request.headers['x-amz-request-payer'] != 'requester':
            sys.stderr.write("Bad x-amz-request-payer: '%s'\n" % str(request.headers['x-amz-request-payer']))
            request.send_response(403)
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain')
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 3)
        request.send_header('Connection', 'close')
        request.end_headers()
        request.wfile.write("""foo""".encode('ascii'))

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket_with_requester_pays/resource', custom_method=method)

    with gdaltest.config_option('AWS_REQUEST_PAYER', 'requester'):
        with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
            with gdaltest.error_handler():
                f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket_with_requester_pays/resource')
                assert f is not None
                data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    # Test temporary redirect
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    class HandlerClass(object):
        def __init__(self, response_value):
            self.old_authorization = None
            self.response_value = response_value

        def method_req_1(self, request):
            if request.headers['Host'].find('127.0.0.1') < 0:
                sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            self.old_authorization = request.headers['Authorization']
            request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
            request.send_response(307)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>TemporaryRedirect</Code><Endpoint>localhost:%d</Endpoint></Error>' % request.server.port
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

        def method_req_2(self, request):
            if request.headers['Host'].find('localhost') < 0:
                sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            if self.old_authorization == request.headers['Authorization']:
                sys.stderr.write('Should have get a different Authorization. Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
            request.send_response(200)
            response = self.response_value
            request.send_header('Content-Length', len(response))
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

    h = HandlerClass('foo')
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource', custom_method=h.method_req_1)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource', custom_method=h.method_req_2)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    # Retry on the same bucket and check that the redirection was indeed temporary
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    h = HandlerClass('bar')
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource2', custom_method=h.method_req_1)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource2', custom_method=h.method_req_2)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read/resource2')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'bar'

###############################################################################
# Test ReadDir() with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_readdir():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-east-1') >= 0:
            request.send_response(400)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code><Region>us-west-2</Region></Error>'
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        elif request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0:
            if request.headers['Host'].startswith('127.0.0.1'):
                request.send_response(301)
                response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>PermanentRedirect</Code><Endpoint>localhost:%d</Endpoint></Error>' % request.server.port
                response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
                request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
                request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
                request.end_headers()
                request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
            elif request.headers['Host'].startswith('localhost'):
                request.send_response(200)
                request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
                response = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>a_dir/</Prefix>
                        <NextMarker>bla</NextMarker>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>a_dir/resource3.bin</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>123456</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """
                request.send_header('Content-Length', len(response))
                request.end_headers()
                request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
            else:
                sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=a_dir%2F', custom_method=method)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=a_dir%2F', custom_method=method)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=a_dir%2F', custom_method=method)

    def method(request):
        # /vsis3/ should have remembered the change of region and endpoint
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') < 0 or \
                not request.headers['Host'].startswith('localhost'):
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)

        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
        response = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix>a_dir/</Prefix>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>a_dir/resource4.bin</Key>
                    <LastModified>2015-10-16T12:34:56.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>456789</Size>
                </Contents>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>a_dir/i_am_a_glacier_file</Key>
                    <LastModified>2015-10-16T12:34:56.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>456789</Size>
                     <StorageClass>GLACIER</StorageClass>
                </Contents>
                <CommonPrefixes>
                    <Prefix>a_dir/subdir/</Prefix>
                </CommonPrefixes>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """
        request.send_header('Content-Length', len(response))
        request.end_headers()
        request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&marker=bla&prefix=a_dir%2F', custom_method=method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin')
    if f is None:

        if gdaltest.is_travis_branch('trusty'):
            pytest.skip('Skipped on trusty branch, but should be investigated')

        pytest.fail()
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['resource3.bin', 'resource4.bin', 'subdir']

    assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin').size == 123456
    assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin').mtime == 1

    # Same as above: cached
    dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['resource3.bin', 'resource4.bin', 'subdir']

    # ReadDir on something known to be a file shouldn't cause network access
    dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin')
    assert dir_contents is None

    # Test unrelated partial clear of the cache
    gdal.VSICurlPartialClearCache('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket_unrelated')

    assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin').size == 123456

    dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['resource3.bin', 'resource4.bin', 'subdir']

    # Test partial clear of the cache
    gdal.VSICurlPartialClearCache('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin', 400)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=a_dir%2Fresource3.bin%2F', 400)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir/resource3.bin')

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=a_dir%2F', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix>a_dir/</Prefix>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>a_dir/test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>40</Size>
                </Contents>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['test.txt']

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=a_dir%2F', 200, {},
        """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix>a_dir/</Prefix>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>a_dir/resource4.bin</Key>
                    <LastModified>2015-10-16T12:34:56.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>456789</Size>
                </Contents>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>a_dir/i_am_a_glacier_file</Key>
                    <LastModified>2015-10-16T12:34:56.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>456789</Size>
                     <StorageClass>GLACIER</StorageClass>
                </Contents>
                <CommonPrefixes>
                    <Prefix>a_dir/subdir/</Prefix>
                </CommonPrefixes>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with gdaltest.config_option('CPL_VSIL_CURL_IGNORE_GLACIER_STORAGE', 'NO'):
        with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
            dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket2/a_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['resource4.bin', 'i_am_a_glacier_file', 'subdir']


    # Test CPL_VSIL_CURL_NON_CACHED
    for config_option_value in ['/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt',
                                '/vsis3/s3_non_cached',
                                '/vsis3/s3_non_cached:/vsis3/unrelated',
                                '/vsis3/unrelated:/vsis3/s3_non_cached',
                                '/vsis3/unrelated:/vsis3/s3_non_cached:/vsis3/unrelated']:
        with gdaltest.config_option('CPL_VSIL_CURL_NON_CACHED', config_option_value):

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/test.txt', 200, {}, 'foo')

            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt')
                assert f is not None, config_option_value
                data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
                assert data == 'foo', config_option_value

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/test.txt', 200, {}, 'bar2')

            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                size = gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt').size
            assert size == 4, config_option_value

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/test.txt', 200, {}, 'foo')

            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                size = gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt').size
                if size != 3:
                    print(config_option_value)
                    pytest.fail(data)

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/test.txt', 200, {}, 'bar2')

            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt')
                assert f is not None, config_option_value
                data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
                assert data == 'bar2', config_option_value

    # Retry without option
    for config_option_value in [None,
                                '/vsis3/s3_non_cached/bar.txt']:
        with gdaltest.config_option('CPL_VSIL_CURL_NON_CACHED', config_option_value):

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            if config_option_value is None:
                handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/?delimiter=%2F', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                            """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                        <ListBucketResult>
                            <Prefix></Prefix>
                            <Contents>
                                <Key>test.txt</Key>
                                <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                                <Size>40</Size>
                            </Contents>
                            <Contents>
                                <Key>test2.txt</Key>
                                <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                                <Size>40</Size>
                            </Contents>
                        </ListBucketResult>
                    """)
                handler.add('GET', '/s3_non_cached/test.txt', 200, {}, 'foo')

            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt')
                assert f is not None, config_option_value
                data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
                assert data == 'foo', config_option_value

            handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
            with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
                f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_non_cached/test.txt')
                assert f is not None, config_option_value
                data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
                # We should still get foo because of caching
                assert data == 'foo', config_option_value

    # List buckets (empty result)
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <ListAllMyBucketsResult>
        <Buckets>
        </Buckets>
        </ListAllMyBucketsResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/')
    assert dir_contents == ['.']

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    # List buckets
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <ListAllMyBucketsResult>
        <Buckets>
            <Bucket>
                <Name>mybucket</Name>
            </Bucket>
        </Buckets>
        </ListAllMyBucketsResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/')
    assert dir_contents == ['mybucket']

    # Test temporary redirect
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    class HandlerClass(object):
        def __init__(self, response_value):
            self.old_authorization = None
            self.response_value = response_value

        def method_req_1(self, request):
            if request.headers['Host'].find('127.0.0.1') < 0:
                sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            self.old_authorization = request.headers['Authorization']
            request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
            request.send_response(307)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>TemporaryRedirect</Code><Endpoint>localhost:%d</Endpoint></Error>' % request.server.port
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

        def method_req_2(self, request):
            if request.headers['Host'].find('localhost') < 0:
                sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            if self.old_authorization == request.headers['Authorization']:
                sys.stderr.write('Should have get a different Authorization. Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(403)
                return
            request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
            request.send_response(200)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            response = self.response_value
            request.send_header('Content-Length', len(response))
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))

    h = HandlerClass("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                <ListBucketResult>
                    <Prefix></Prefix>
                    <CommonPrefixes>
                        <Prefix>test</Prefix>
                    </CommonPrefixes>
                </ListBucketResult>
            """)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir/?delimiter=%2F', custom_method=h.method_req_1)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir/?delimiter=%2F', custom_method=h.method_req_2)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir')
    assert dir_contents == ['test']

    # Retry on the same bucket and check that the redirection was indeed temporary
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    h = HandlerClass("""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix>test/</Prefix>
                <CommonPrefixes>
                    <Prefix>test/test2</Prefix>
                </CommonPrefixes>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=test%2F', custom_method=h.method_req_1)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=test%2F', custom_method=h.method_req_2)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        dir_contents = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_test_temporary_redirect_read_dir/test')
    assert dir_contents == ['test2']

###############################################################################
# Test OpenDir() with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_opendir():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    # Unlimited depth
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/vsis3_opendir/', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix/>
                <Marker/>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>40</Size>
                </Contents>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>subdir/</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>0</Size>
                </Contents>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>subdir/test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>5</Size>
                </Contents>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        d = gdal.OpenDir('/vsis3/vsis3_opendir')
    assert d is not None

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'test.txt'
    assert entry.size == 40
    assert entry.mode == 32768
    assert entry.mtime == 1

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'subdir'
    assert entry.mode == 16384

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'subdir/test.txt'

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry is None

    gdal.CloseDir(d)

    # Depth = 0
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/vsis3_opendir/?delimiter=%2F', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix/>
                <Marker/>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>40</Size>
                </Contents>
                <CommonPrefixes>
                    <Prefix>subdir/</Prefix>
                </CommonPrefixes>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        d = gdal.OpenDir('/vsis3/vsis3_opendir', 0)
    assert d is not None

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'test.txt'
    assert entry.size == 40
    assert entry.mode == 32768
    assert entry.mtime == 1

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'subdir'
    assert entry.mode == 16384

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry is None

    gdal.CloseDir(d)

    # Depth = 1
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/vsis3_opendir/?delimiter=%2F', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix/>
                <Marker/>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>40</Size>
                </Contents>
                <CommonPrefixes>
                    <Prefix>subdir/</Prefix>
                </CommonPrefixes>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        d = gdal.OpenDir('/vsis3/vsis3_opendir', 1)
        assert d is not None

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'test.txt'
    assert entry.size == 40
    assert entry.mode == 32768
    assert entry.mtime == 1

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry.name == 'subdir'
    assert entry.mode == 16384

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/vsis3_opendir/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=subdir%2F', 200, {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <ListBucketResult>
                <Prefix>subdir/</Prefix>
                <Marker/>
                <Contents>
                    <Key>subdir/test.txt</Key>
                    <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                    <Size>5</Size>
                </Contents>
            </ListBucketResult>
        """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
        assert entry.name == 'subdir/test.txt'

    entry = gdal.GetNextDirEntry(d)
    assert entry is None

    gdal.CloseDir(d)

###############################################################################
# Test simple PUT support with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_4():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3', 'wb')
    assert f is None

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', 200, {'Connection': 'close'}, 'foo')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin').size == 3

    # Empty file
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '0':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', custom_method=method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        gdal.ErrorReset()
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ''

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', 200, {'Connection': 'close'}, '')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin').size == 0

    # Invalid seek
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ret = gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, 1, 0)
        assert ret != 0
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    # Invalid read
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file.bin', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ret = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 1, f)
        assert not ret
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    # Error case
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file_error.bin', 403)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/empty_file_error.bin', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        gdal.ErrorReset()
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() != ''

    # Nominal case
    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/another_file.bin', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        assert gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, gdal.VSIFTellL(f), 0) == 0
        assert gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, 0, 1) == 0
        assert gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, 0, 2) == 0
        assert gdal.VSIFWriteL('foo', 1, 3, f) == 3
        assert gdal.VSIFSeekL(f, gdal.VSIFTellL(f), 0) == 0
        assert gdal.VSIFWriteL('bar', 1, 3, f) == 3

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '6':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        request.wfile.write('HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n'.encode('ascii'))

        content = request.rfile.read(6).decode('ascii')
        if content != 'foobar':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected content: %s\n' % content)
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket3/another_file.bin', custom_method=method)

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ''

    # Redirect case
    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket3/redirect', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        assert gdal.VSIFWriteL('foobar', 1, 6, f) == 6

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-east-1') >= 0:
            request.send_response(400)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code><Region>us-west-2</Region></Error>'
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        elif request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0:
            if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '6':
                sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
                request.send_response(400)
                request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
                request.end_headers()
                return
            request.wfile.write('HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n'.encode('ascii'))
            content = request.rfile.read(6).decode('ascii')
            if content != 'foobar':
                sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected content: %s\n' % content)
                request.send_response(400)
                request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
                request.end_headers()
                return
            request.send_response(200)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket3/redirect', custom_method=method)
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket3/redirect', custom_method=method)

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ''

###############################################################################
# Test simple DELETE support with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_5():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ret = gdal.Unlink('/vsis3/foo')
    assert ret != 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file', 200, {'Connection': 'close'}, 'foo')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file').size == 3

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file').size == 3

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file', 204)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Unlink('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file')
    assert ret == 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file', 404, {'Connection': 'close'})
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_delete_bucket/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=delete_file%2F', 404, {'Connection': 'close'})
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file') is None

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file_error', 200)
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file_error', 403)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ret = gdal.Unlink('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/delete_file_error')
    assert ret != 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    handler.add('GET', '/s3_delete_bucket/redirect', 200)

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-east-1') >= 0:
            request.send_response(400)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code><Region>us-west-2</Region></Error>'
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        elif request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0:
            request.send_response(204)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()

    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_delete_bucket/redirect', custom_method=method)
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_delete_bucket/redirect', custom_method=method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Unlink('/vsis3/s3_delete_bucket/redirect')
    assert ret == 0

###############################################################################
# Test multipart upload with a fake AWS server


def test_vsis3_6():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    with gdaltest.config_option('VSIS3_CHUNK_SIZE', '1'):  # 1 MB
        with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
            f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin', 'wb')
    assert f is not None
    size = 1024 * 1024 + 1
    big_buffer = 'a' * size

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        request.protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
        if request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-east-1') >= 0:
            request.send_response(400)
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Error><Message>bla</Message><Code>AuthorizationHeaderMalformed</Code><Region>us-west-2</Region></Error>'
            response = '%x\r\n%s\r\n0\r\n\r\n' % (len(response), response)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        elif request.headers['Authorization'].find('us-west-2') >= 0:
            response = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>my_id</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>'
            request.send_response(200)
            request.send_header('Content-type', 'application/xml')
            request.send_header('Content-Length', len(response))
            request.end_headers()
            request.wfile.write(response.encode('ascii'))
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('Bad headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(403)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()

    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin?uploads', custom_method=method)
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin?uploads', custom_method=method)

    def method(request):
        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '1048576':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return
        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('ETag', '"first_etag"')
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin?partNumber=1&uploadId=my_id', custom_method=method)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.VSIFWriteL(big_buffer, 1, size, f)
    assert ret == size
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()

    def method(request):
        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '1':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            return
        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('ETag', '"second_etag"')
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin?partNumber=2&uploadId=my_id', custom_method=method)

    def method(request):

        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '186':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        content = request.rfile.read(186).decode('ascii')
        if content != """<CompleteMultipartUpload>
<Part>
<PartNumber>1</PartNumber><ETag>"first_etag"</ETag></Part>
<Part>
<PartNumber>2</PartNumber><ETag>"second_etag"</ETag></Part>
</CompleteMultipartUpload>
""":
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected content: %s\n' % content)
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file.bin?uploadId=my_id', custom_method=method)

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ''

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_403_error.bin?uploads', 403)
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_empty_result.bin?uploads', 200)
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_invalid_xml_result.bin?uploads', 200, {}, 'foo')
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_no_uploadId.bin?uploads', 200, {}, '<foo/>')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        for filename in ['/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_403_error.bin',
                         '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_empty_result.bin',
                         '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_invalid_xml_result.bin',
                         '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_initiate_no_uploadId.bin']:
            with gdaltest.config_option('VSIS3_CHUNK_SIZE', '1'):  # 1 MB
                f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(filename, 'wb')
            assert f is not None
            with gdaltest.error_handler():
                ret = gdal.VSIFWriteL(big_buffer, 1, size, f)
            assert ret == 0
            gdal.ErrorReset()
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
            assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == ''

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_403_error.bin?uploads', 200, {},
                '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>my_id</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>')
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_403_error.bin?partNumber=1&uploadId=my_id', 403)
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_403_error.bin?uploadId=my_id', 204)

    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_no_etag.bin?uploads', 200, {},
                '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>my_id</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>')
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_no_etag.bin?partNumber=1&uploadId=my_id', 200)
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_no_etag.bin?uploadId=my_id', 204)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        for filename in ['/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_403_error.bin',
                         '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_upload_part_no_etag.bin']:
            with gdaltest.config_option('VSIS3_CHUNK_SIZE', '1'):  # 1 MB
                f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(filename, 'wb')
            assert f is not None, filename
            with gdaltest.error_handler():
                ret = gdal.VSIFWriteL(big_buffer, 1, size, f)
            assert ret == 0, filename
            gdal.ErrorReset()
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
            assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() == '', filename

    # Simulate failure in AbortMultipart stage
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_abortmultipart_403_error.bin?uploads', 200, {},
                '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>my_id</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>')
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_abortmultipart_403_error.bin?partNumber=1&uploadId=my_id', 403)
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_abortmultipart_403_error.bin?uploadId=my_id', 403)

    filename = '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_abortmultipart_403_error.bin'
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.config_option('VSIS3_CHUNK_SIZE', '1'):  # 1 MB
            f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(filename, 'wb')
        assert f is not None, filename
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            ret = gdal.VSIFWriteL(big_buffer, 1, size, f)
        assert ret == 0, filename
        gdal.ErrorReset()
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
        assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() != '', filename

    # Simulate failure in CompleteMultipartUpload stage
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin?uploads', 200, {},
                '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>my_id</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>')
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin?partNumber=1&uploadId=my_id', 200, {'ETag': 'first_etag'}, '')
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin?partNumber=2&uploadId=my_id', 200, {'ETag': 'second_etag'}, '')
    handler.add('POST', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin?uploadId=my_id', 403)
    # handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin?uploadId=my_id', 204)

    filename = '/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket4/large_file_completemultipart_403_error.bin'
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.config_option('VSIS3_CHUNK_SIZE', '1'):  # 1 MB
            f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(filename, 'wb')
            assert f is not None, filename
            ret = gdal.VSIFWriteL(big_buffer, 1, size, f)
            assert ret == size, filename
            gdal.ErrorReset()
            with gdaltest.error_handler():
                gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
            assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() != '', filename

    
###############################################################################
# Test Mkdir() / Rmdir()


def test_vsis3_7():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir/', 404, {'Connection': 'close'})
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=dir%2F', 404, {'Connection': 'close'})
    handler.add('PUT', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir/', 200)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Mkdir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir', 0)
    assert ret == 0

    assert stat.S_ISDIR(gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir').mode)

    dir_content = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir')
    assert dir_content == ['.']

    # Try creating already existing directory
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir/', 416, {'Connection': 'close'})
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Mkdir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir', 0)
    assert ret != 0

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('DELETE', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir/', 204)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Rmdir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir')
    assert ret == 0

    # Try deleting already deleted directory
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir/', 404)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=dir%2F', 404, {'Connection': 'close'})
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Rmdir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir')
    assert ret != 0

    # Try deleting non-empty directory
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir_nonempty/', 416)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=dir_nonempty%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>dir_nonempty/</Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>dir_nonempty/test.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        ret = gdal.Rmdir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_mkdir/dir_nonempty')
    assert ret != 0

    # Try stat'ing a directory not ending with slash
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat/test_dir_stat', 400)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=test_dir_stat%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>test_dir_stat/</Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>test_dir_stat/test.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert stat.S_ISDIR(gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat/test_dir_stat').mode)

    # Try ReadDi'ing a directory not ending with slash
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_readdir/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=test_dirread%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>test_dirread/</Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>test_dirread/test.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_readdir/test_dirread') is not None

    # Try stat'ing a directory ending with slash
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat_2/test_dir_stat/', 400)
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat_2/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=test_dir_stat%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>test_dir_stat/</Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>test_dir_stat/test.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert stat.S_ISDIR(gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_dir_stat_2/test_dir_stat/').mode)

    # Try ReadDi'ing a directory ending with slash
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_bucket_test_readdir2/?delimiter=%2F&prefix=test_dirread%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix>test_dirread/</Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>test_dirread/test.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/s3_bucket_test_readdir2/test_dirread') is not None

    
###############################################################################
# Test handling of file and directory with same name


def test_vsis3_8():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/vsis3_8/?delimiter=%2F', 200,
                {'Content-type': 'application/xml'},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix></Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>test</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>40</Size>
                        </Contents>
                        <CommonPrefixes>
                            <Prefix>test/</Prefix>
                        </CommonPrefixes>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)

    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        listdir = gdal.ReadDir('/vsis3/vsis3_8', 0)
    assert listdir == ['test', 'test/']

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert not stat.S_ISDIR(gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/vsis3_8/test').mode)

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert stat.S_ISDIR(gdal.VSIStatL('/vsis3/vsis3_8/test/').mode)

    
###############################################################################
# Test vsisync() with SYNC_STRATEGY=ETAG


def test_vsis3_sync_etag():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    options = ['SYNC_STRATEGY=ETAG']

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
        with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
            assert not gdal.Sync('/i_do/not/exist', '/vsis3/', options=options)

    with gdaltest.error_handler():
        handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
        handler.add('GET', '/do_not/exist', 404)
        handler.add('GET', '/do_not/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=exist%2F', 404)
        handler.add('PUT', '/do_not/exist', 404)
        with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
            assert not gdal.Sync('vsifile.py', '/vsis3/do_not/exist', options=options)

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/', 200)
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 404)
    handler.add('GET', '/out/?delimiter=%2F&max-keys=100&prefix=testsync.txt%2F', 404)

    def method(request):
        if request.headers['Content-Length'] != '3':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected headers: %s\n' % str(request.headers))
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        request.wfile.write('HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n'.encode('ascii'))

        content = request.rfile.read(3).decode('ascii')
        if content != 'foo':
            sys.stderr.write('Did not get expected content: %s\n' % content)
            request.send_response(400)
            request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
            request.end_headers()
            return

        request.send_response(200)
        request.send_header('Content-Length', 0)
        request.send_header('ETag', '"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"')
        request.end_headers()

    handler.add('PUT', '/out/testsync.txt', custom_method=method)

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/testsync.txt', 'foo')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync('/vsimem/testsync.txt', '/vsis3/out', options=options)

    # Re-try with cached ETag. Should generate no network access
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync('/vsimem/testsync.txt', '/vsis3/out', options=options)

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    # Other direction: S3 to /vsimem
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'ETag' : '"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt', '/vsimem/', options=options)

    # Shouldn't do any copy, but hard to verify
    with webserver.install_http_handler(webserver.SequentialHandler()):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt', '/vsimem/', options=options)

    # Modify target file, and redo synchronization
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/testsync.txt', 'bar')

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/?delimiter=%2F', 200, {},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix></Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>testsync.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>3</Size>
                            <ETag>"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"</ETag>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'ETag' : '"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt', '/vsimem/', options=options)

    f = gdal.VSIFOpenL('/vsimem/testsync.txt', 'rb')
    data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 3, f).decode('ascii')
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
    assert data == 'foo'

    # /vsimem to S3, but after cleaning the cache
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/', 200)
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'ETag' : '"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync('/vsimem/testsync.txt', '/vsis3/out', options=options)

    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/testsync.txt')

    # Directory copying
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.Mkdir('/vsimem/subdir', 0)
    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/subdir/testsync.txt', 'foo')
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/?delimiter=%2F', 200, {},
                """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                    <ListBucketResult>
                        <Prefix></Prefix>
                        <Contents>
                            <Key>testsync.txt</Key>
                            <LastModified>1970-01-01T00:00:01.000Z</LastModified>
                            <Size>3</Size>
                            <ETag>"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"</ETag>
                        </Contents>
                    </ListBucketResult>
                """)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync('/vsimem/subdir/', '/vsis3/out', options=options)
    gdal.RmdirRecursive('/vsimem/subdir')

###############################################################################
# Test vsisync() with SYNC_STRATEGY=TIMESTAMP


def test_vsis3_sync_timestamp():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    options = ['SYNC_STRATEGY=TIMESTAMP']

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/testsync.txt', 'foo')

    # S3 to local: S3 file is older -> download
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT' }, "foo")
    handler.add('GET', '/out/?delimiter=%2F', 404)
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt', '/vsimem/',
                         options=options)

    # S3 to local: S3 file is newer -> do nothing
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 01 Jan 2037 00:00:01 GMT' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt', '/vsimem/',
                         options=options)

    # Local to S3: S3 file is older -> upload
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT' }, "foo")
    handler.add('PUT', '/out/testsync.txt', 200)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsimem/testsync.txt', '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt',
                         options=options)

    # Local to S3: S3 file is newer -> do nothgin
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/out/testsync.txt', 206,
                { 'Content-Length' : '3',
                  'Content-Range': 'bytes 0-2/3',
                  'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 01 Jan 2037 00:00:01 GMT' }, "foo")
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        assert gdal.Sync( '/vsimem/testsync.txt', '/vsis3/out/testsync.txt',
                         options=options)

    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/testsync.txt')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated ~/.aws/credentials


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_file():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_credentials')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_credentials', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_credentials')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated  ~/.aws/config


def test_vsis3_read_config_file():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_config')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_config', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
region = us-east-1
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_config')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_config_file():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_config')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_credentials', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_config', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
region = us-east-1
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_config')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config with
# a non default profile


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_config_file_non_default():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_config')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE', 'myprofile')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_credentials', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[myprofile]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
[default]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_config', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[profile myprofile]
region = us-east-1
[default]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_config')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE', '')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_config_file_inconsistent():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '/vsimem/aws_config')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_credentials', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    gdal.FileFromMemBuffer('/vsimem/aws_config', """
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID_inconsistent
aws_secret_access_key = AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_inconsistent
region = us-east-1
[unrelated]
aws_access_key_id = foo
aws_secret_access_key = bar
""")

    gdal.ErrorReset()
    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        assert gdal.GetLastErrorMsg() != ''
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_credentials')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/aws_config')

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated EC2 instance


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_ec2():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    if sys.platform not in ('linux', 'linux2', 'win32'):
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL',
                         'http://localhost:%d/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/' % gdaltest.webserver_port)
    # Disable hypervisor related check to test if we are really on EC2
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_AUTODETECT_EC2', 'NO')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/', 200, {}, 'myprofile')
    handler.add('GET', '/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/myprofile', 200, {},
                """{
                "AccessKeyId": "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID",
                "SecretAccessKey": "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY",
                "Expiration": "3000-01-01T00:00:00Z"
                }""")
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    # Set a fake URL to check that credentials re-use works
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL', '')

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/bar', 200, {}, 'bar')
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/bar')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'bar'

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_AUTODETECT_EC2', None)

###############################################################################
# Read credentials from simulated EC2 instance with expiration of the
# cached credentials


def test_vsis3_read_credentials_ec2_expiration():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    if sys.platform not in ('linux', 'linux2', 'win32'):
        pytest.skip()

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL',
                         'http://localhost:%d/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/expire_in_past/' % gdaltest.webserver_port)
    # Disable hypervisor related check to test if we are really on EC2
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_AUTODETECT_EC2', 'NO')

    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/expire_in_past/', 200, {}, 'myprofile')
    handler.add('GET', '/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/expire_in_past/myprofile', 200, {},
                """{
                "AccessKeyId": "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID",
                "SecretAccessKey": "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY",
                "Expiration": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"
                }""")
    handler.add('GET', '/s3_fake_bucket/resource', custom_method=get_s3_fake_bucket_resource_method)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/resource')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 4, f).decode('ascii')
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert data == 'foo'

    # Set a fake URL to demonstrate we try to re-fetch credentials
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL',
                         'http://localhost:%d/invalid/' % gdaltest.webserver_port)

    handler = webserver.SequentialHandler()
    handler.add('GET', '/invalid/myprofile', 404)
    with webserver.install_http_handler(handler):
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            f = open_for_read('/vsis3/s3_fake_bucket/bar')
        assert f is None

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL', '')
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_AUTODETECT_EC2', None)

###############################################################################


def test_vsis3_stop_webserver():

    if gdaltest.webserver_port == 0:
        pytest.skip()

    # Clearcache needed to close all connections, since the Python server
    # can only handle one connection at a time
    gdal.VSICurlClearCache()

    webserver.server_stop(gdaltest.webserver_process, gdaltest.webserver_port)

###############################################################################
# Nominal cases (require valid credentials)


def test_vsis3_extra_1():

    if not gdaltest.built_against_curl():
        pytest.skip()

    credentials_filename = gdal.GetConfigOption('HOME',
                                                gdal.GetConfigOption('USERPROFILE', '')) + '/.aws/credentials'

    # Either a bucket name or bucket/filename
    s3_resource = gdal.GetConfigOption('S3_RESOURCE')

    if not os.path.exists(credentials_filename):
        if gdal.GetConfigOption('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY') is None:
            pytest.skip('Missing AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
        elif gdal.GetConfigOption('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID') is None:
            pytest.skip('Missing AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')

    if s3_resource is None:
        pytest.skip('Missing S3_RESOURCE')

    if '/' not in s3_resource:
        path = '/vsis3/' + s3_resource
        statres = gdal.VSIStatL(path)
        assert statres is not None and stat.S_ISDIR(statres.mode), \
            ('%s is not a valid bucket' % path)

        readdir = gdal.ReadDir(path)
        assert readdir is not None, 'ReadDir() should not return empty list'
        for filename in readdir:
            if filename != '.':
                subpath = path + '/' + filename
                assert gdal.VSIStatL(subpath) is not None, \
                    ('Stat(%s) should not return an error' % subpath)

        unique_id = 'vsis3_test'
        subpath = path + '/' + unique_id
        ret = gdal.Mkdir(subpath, 0)
        assert ret >= 0, ('Mkdir(%s) should not return an error' % subpath)

        readdir = gdal.ReadDir(path)
        assert unique_id in readdir, \
            ('ReadDir(%s) should contain %s' % (path, unique_id))

        ret = gdal.Mkdir(subpath, 0)
        assert ret != 0, ('Mkdir(%s) repeated should return an error' % subpath)

        ret = gdal.Rmdir(subpath)
        assert ret >= 0, ('Rmdir(%s) should not return an error' % subpath)

        readdir = gdal.ReadDir(path)
        assert unique_id not in readdir, \
            ('ReadDir(%s) should not contain %s' % (path, unique_id))

        ret = gdal.Rmdir(subpath)
        assert ret != 0, ('Rmdir(%s) repeated should return an error' % subpath)

        ret = gdal.Mkdir(subpath, 0)
        assert ret >= 0, ('Mkdir(%s) should not return an error' % subpath)

        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(subpath + '/test.txt', 'wb')
        assert f is not None
        gdal.VSIFWriteL('hello', 1, 5, f)
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

        ret = gdal.Rmdir(subpath)
        assert ret != 0, \
            ('Rmdir(%s) on non empty directory should return an error' % subpath)

        f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(subpath + '/test.txt', 'rb')
        assert f is not None
        data = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 5, f).decode('utf-8')
        assert data == 'hello'
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

        ret = gdal.Unlink(subpath + '/test.txt')
        assert ret >= 0, \
            ('Unlink(%s) should not return an error' % (subpath + '/test.txt'))

        ret = gdal.Rmdir(subpath)
        assert ret >= 0, ('Rmdir(%s) should not return an error' % subpath)

        return

    f = open_for_read('/vsis3/' + s3_resource)
    assert f is not None, ('cannot open %s' % ('/vsis3/' + s3_resource))
    ret = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 1, f)
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert len(ret) == 1

    # Same with /vsis3_streaming/
    f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/' + s3_resource)
    assert f is not None
    ret = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 1, f)
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert len(ret) == 1

    if False:  # pylint: disable=using-constant-test
        # we actually try to read at read() time and bSetError = false
        # Invalid bucket : "The specified bucket does not exist"
        gdal.ErrorReset()
        f = open_for_read('/vsis3/not_existing_bucket/foo')
        with gdaltest.error_handler():
            gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 1, f)
        gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
        assert gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg() != ''

    # Invalid resource
    gdal.ErrorReset()
    f = open_for_read('/vsis3_streaming/' + gdal.GetConfigOption('S3_RESOURCE') + '/invalid_resource.baz')
    assert f is None, gdal.VSIGetLastErrorMsg()

    # Test GetSignedURL()
    signed_url = gdal.GetSignedURL('/vsis3/' + s3_resource)
    f = open_for_read('/vsicurl_streaming/' + signed_url)
    assert f is not None
    ret = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 1, f)
    gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)

    assert len(ret) == 1

###############################################################################


def test_vsis3_cleanup():

    for var in gdaltest.aws_vars:
        gdal.SetConfigOption(var, gdaltest.aws_vars[var])

    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_CREDENTIALS_FILE', None)
    gdal.SetConfigOption('AWS_CONFIG_FILE', None)
    gdal.SetConfigOption('CPL_AWS_EC2_CREDENTIALS_URL', None)
