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# MS RFC 94: Shape Smoothing

Date

  2013/03/26

Author

  Alan Boudreault

Contact

  aboudreault at mapgears.com

Author

  Daniel Morissette

Contact

  dmorissette at mapgears.com

Status

  Adopted and Implemented

Version

  MapServer 6.4

## 1. Overview

This is a proposal to add the ability to smooth shapes of a vector layer in MapServer.

Currently, there is no way to smooth a shape and they are rendered as they are in the dataset. However, it would be useful to smooth the shape for a better rendering result. Here’s an example of a bad rendering (from a contour layer):

## 2. The proposed solution

This RFC proposes the addition of shape smoothing in MapServer. The initial solution will implement the SIA algorithm: Smoothing via Iterative Averaging. To find out more about the SIA technique, see http://www.ijcee.org/papers/501-P063.pdf. More algorithms could be implement in the future. Smoothing is simply a new geomtransform function available at the layer and style levels.

To enable the smoothing for a layer with the default settings, we only need to set the geomtransform:

> - GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia([shape]))

Smoothing settings:

> - smoothing_size: The window size (number of points) used by the algorithm. The default is 3.

> - smoothing_iteration: The number of iterations of the algorithm. The default is 1.

> - preprocessing: Optional preprocessing method to add more vertices to the shape prior to smoothing, described below.

You can pass those optional parameters using the following geomtransform:

> - GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia([shape], [smoothing_size], [smoothing_iteration], [preprocessing]))

Example of a simple layer definition:

    LAYER NAME "my_layer"
      TYPE LINE
      STATUS DEFAULT
      DATA roads.shp
      GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia([shape], 3, 1))
      CLASS
        STYLE
          WIDTH 2
          COLOR 255 0 0
        END
      END

## 3. Examples

Here are some examples showing results with different parameter values.

## 4. Smoothing result factors

Since the smoothing algorithm is performed on a window of x vertices (3 by default), there are some factors that might affect the result.

## 4.1 Dataset resolution is too high

If you are trying to smooth a line that has a very high resolution (high density of vertices at the current view scale), you may not get the expected result because the vertices are too dense for the smoothing window size. In this case you might want to simplify the shapes before the smoothing. You can combine smoothing and simplification in a single geomtransform for that.

> - GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia(simplifypt([shape], 10)))

See RFC 89: Layer Geomtransform for more info. Here’s a visualization of the issue:

## 4.2 Dataset resolution is too low

If you are trying to smooth a long line that has a low density of vertices, you may not get the expected result in some situations where you may lose some important parts of the shape during the smoothing, for instance around acute angles. You can improve the result by enabling a pre-processing step to add intermediate vertices along the line prior to smoothing.

This behavior is controlled using the “all” value in the preprocessing argument of the smoothsia() geomtransform:

> - GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia([shape], [smoothing_size], [smoothing_iteration], ‘all’))

This preprocessing will be performed before the smoothing. It adds 2 intermediate vertices on each side of each original vertex. This is useful if we really need to preserve the general shape of the shape with low res data. Note that this might have an impact on the rendering since there are more vertices in the output.

Here’s a visualization of the issue:

## 4.3 Curves

The preprocessing step might not be appropriate for all cases since it can impact a lot the smoothing result (maybe too much?). However, without it, you might notice some bad smoothing with big curves. See this example:

You can improve that by enabling another type of preprocessing: angle. This one will add points at some specific places based on angle detection to recognize the curves. Here’s how you can enable it:

> - GEOMTRANSFORM (smoothsia([shape], [smoothing_size], [smoothing_iteration], ‘angle’))

## 5. Files affected

The following files will be modified/created by this RFC:

    mapserver.h
    mapsmoothing.c (implementation of the smoothing code)
    maplayer.c
    mapparser.y (add additional geomtransform)

## 6. MapScript

No issue for any MapScript bindings. The smoothing is handled/rendered internally as a geomtransform.

## 7. Backwards Compatibility Issues

This change provides a new functionality with no backwards compatibility issues being considered.

## 8. Tests

msautotest will be modified to add some tests related to that new geomtransform.

## 9. Performance

I did a quick performance test: it consists of a line layer (shapefile) that draws an 1200x1200 image with 2400 shapes. The number is the layer draw times.

> - No Smoothing: 0.224s

> - Smoothing (size: 3, iteration: 1): 0.230s

> - Smoothing (size: 5, iteration: 1): 0.225s

> - Smoothing (size: 3, iteration: 3): 0.240s

> - Smoothing (size: 3, iteration: 1 + preprocessing: all): 0.368s

> - Smoothing (size: 3, iteration: 1 + preprocessing: angle): 0.280s

## 10. Voting history

+1 from Tom, Perry, Stephen, Tamas, Stephan, Daniel, Jeff and Michael.